HomeMy WebLinkAboutINTRODUCTION
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2.0 Introduction and Physical Setting
2.1 Plan Purposes
This plan provides the City of Edina with an overall comprehensive water resource management
plan. The plan was developed to address current and future stormwater issues, especially those
related to future development and redevelopment. The plan addresses stormwater runoff
management and flood control, water quality management, and wetlands protection through
establishment of stormwater planning policies and recommendations.
The first goal of this Comprehensive Water Resource Management Plan is to provide stormwater
runoff management and flood control. Design criteria have been adopted to ensure that a proper
level of service for stormwater management and level of protection from flooding, per the 1969
Floodplain Management Act, is provided to residents of the City. The established design criteria are
discussed in Section 3.1. The current storm sewer system throughout the city has been analyzed
using computer models and recommendations to improve runoff management and flood control have
been made. Discussion on the stormwater analyses and the resulting implementation
recommendations is included in Sections 4 through 14.
The second goal of the Comprehensive Water Resource Management Plan is to provide water quality
management for the water bodies throughout the city. Water quality management policies and design
standards have been established to protect the water quality of the waterbodies within the city. These
policies and design criteria are discussed in Section 3.2 A water quality model was used to simulate
the generation and transport of pollutants through the waterbodies within the city. The model results
were used to make recommendations for upgrades to water quality basins throughout the city to
maintain and improve the pollutant removal efficiency from these basins. This analysis and the
resulting implementation recommendations are discussed in Sections 4 through 14.
The third goal of the Comprehensive Water Resource Management Plan is to provide wetland
protection throughout the city. The City of Edina’s goal is to achieve no net loss of wetlands,
including acreage, functions, and values. To achieve this goal, policies have been established to
protect the wetlands within the city. These policies are included in Section 3.4. To provide a basis
for wetland protection efforts, an inventory and assessment of all the wetlands within the city was
completed. The wetland inventory and assessment identified wetland location, size, type, wetland
classification, dominant wetland vegetation, function, and value for each wetland. General
management recommendations are included based on the wetland sensitivity to stormwater
degradation. The inventory and assessment is discussed in Section 16.
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This plan will assist the City of Edina in defining and implementing a comprehensive and
environmentally sound system of surface water management. It is intended to be used as a tool to:
1. Plan for projects and other water management activities so as to correct existing problems
and prevent foreseeable future problems from occurring.
2. Assist the City in considering water resource impacts resulting from variances to the City’s
long-range land use plan.
3. Enable the City to grow/redevelop in a systematic and orderly manner while protecting its
vital water resources.
In order to accomplish these objectives, the plan considers a specific array of land uses within the
city limits. If and when land uses change, this plan provides the means to (1) address the proposed
changes; (2) determine the impact of the changes on the City’s infrastructure, flooding, and natural
resources; and (3) determine the actions needed within the proposed areas of land use change to
prevent undesirable impacts.
2.2 Physical Setting
2.2.1 Drainage Patterns
The City of Edina covers an area of approximately 16 square miles. There are two stream systems
that flow through the city: Nine Mile Creek and Minnehaha Creek. The northeast corner of the city
drains to Minnehaha Creek, which enters the city limits northwest of West 44th Street and T.H. 100
and flows in a southeasterly direction through the city, exiting near West 54th Street and York
Avenue. The southwest corner of the city drains to the South Fork of Nine Mile Creek through a
series of storm sewer networks, ditches, and stormwater detention basins. The remainder of the city
drains to the North Fork of Nine Mile Creek, which enters the Edina city limits in the northwest
corner of the city near the intersection of T.H. 169 and Londonderry Road and meanders in a
southeasterly direction through the city and exits the city limits near the intersection of T.H. 100 and
Interstate 494.
For the purposes of this study, the city was divided into several major drainage areas based on
drainage patterns. These drainage areas are depicted in Figure 2.1 and listed below:
x Nine Mile Creek- North
x Nine Mile Creek- Central
x Lake Cornelia/Lake Edina/Adam’s Hill Pond
x Nine Mile Creek- South
x Nine Mile South Fork
x Southwest Ponds
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x T.H. 169 North
x Northeast Minnehaha Creek
x Southeast Minnehaha Creek
x Northwest Minnehaha Creek
Sections 5 through 14 discuss the drainage patterns within each of these drainage areas and describe
the recommended stormwater system improvements for each area. In some cases, the drainage areas
may include portions of adjoining cities, including Hopkins, Minnetonka, Eden Prairie, Bloomington,
Richfield, and Minneapolis. The ten drainage basins listed above were subdivided into major
watersheds and subwatersheds. Watershed divides were determined using air-flown 2-foot
topographic data and, in some cases, field verified.
2.2.2 Land Use
The City of Edina is fully urbanized. Less than one percent of the developable area within the city,
not including wetland, floodplain, or park land uses, remains available for development. The Edina
Comprehensive Plan (Edina, 2009) provides additional information about the existing and projected
land uses in the city.
2.2.3 Soils
The infiltration capacity of soils affects the amount of direct runoff resulting from rainfall. Soils
with a higher infiltration rate have a lower runoff potential. Conversely, soils with low infiltration
rates produce high runoff volumes and high peak runoff rates. According to the Hennepin County
soil survey, the underlying soils in the City of Edina are predominantly classified as hydrologic soil
group B, with moderate infiltration rates. The underlying soils in the south-central and southeast
portions of the city are classified as hydrologic soil group A, characterized by high infiltration rates.
The underlying soils surrounding the floodplain of Nine Mile Creek and Minnehaha Creek and
around many of the natural wetlands within the city are classified as hydrologic soil group D, with
very slow infiltration rates. Figure 2.2 depicts the hydrologic soils group classification for soils
within the City of Edina.
2.2.4 Topography
The topography of the city varies from relatively flat land along portions of Nine Mile Creek and
Minnehaha Creek to very hilly land in the southwest portion of the city. Generally the topography
throughout the city consists of moderately rolling hills. The elevations generally vary from 980 to
880 feet MSL at the divide between the Minnehaha Creek and Nine Mile Creek watersheds to
elevations between 812 and 850 feet MSL where each creek exits the city.
The City of Edina has two-foot contour data coverage for the entire city; this information is available
from the City Engineering Department.
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2.2.5 Water Quality Monitoring
2.2.5.1 Lakes
Limited water quality data has been collected for the lakes within the City of Edina. In 1972, 1990,
2001, and 2004, the Nine Mile Creek Watershed District collected in-lake water quality data for
Mirror Lake, which was used in support of the Draft NMCWD Mirror Lake Use Attainability
Analysis (Barr, 2004). In 2004, the NMCWD also collected in-lake water quality data for Lake
Cornelia (North and South), Arrowhead Lake and Indianhead Lake, for development of the Draft
Lake Cornelia Use Attainability Analysis (Barr, 2006) and Draft Arrowhead and Indianhead Lakes
Use Attainability Analysis (Barr, 2006). In 2008, the NMCWD collected in-lake water quality data
for Lake Cornelia (North and South) and Lake Edina.
In addition to the lake monitoring data collected by the NMCWD, water quality data has also been
collected for several lakes by citizen monitoring volunteers as part of the Metropolitan Council’s
Citizen-Assisted Monitoring Program (CAMP). The lakes within the City of Edina that have been
monitored as part of CAMP include Pamela, Cornelia, Edina, and Harvey lakes. The locations of
these lakes are shown in Figure 2.3.
A summary of the historic summer average total phosphorus concentrations for the monitored lakes
in Edina is provided in Table 2.1. The summary reflects the data collected by both the NMCWD and
the Metropolitan Council CAMP. As can be seen in the table, the available data is limited for most
of the Edina lakes. It should be noted that lakes and ponds are dynamic, so that relatively infrequent
sampling cannot provide a complete picture of the status of the water body in question. The situation
is further complicated by the impossibility of inferring statistically significant trends from relatively
few water quality sampling results. A minimum of about ten (summer average) data points is thought
to be required to reliably identify a water quality trend.
2.2.5.2 Creeks
The NMCWD has two continuous flow monitoring stations within or near Edina; one along the North
Fork of Nine Mile Creek at the Metro Boulevard crossing, and another along the South Fork of Nine
Mile Creek at the 78th Street crossing, just south of the city boundary with Bloomington (Figure 2.3).
The monitoring stations collect data on stream flow and several water quality parameters, including
turbidity. The water quality monitoring data is available from the Nine Mile Creek Watershed
District upon request.
The MCWD has a monitoring site just below the Browndale Dam on Minnehaha Creek that has been
active since 1996. Continuous stream level data is collected both above and the below the dam to
determine stream flows. Water quality samples are generally collected weekly at this site for total
and soluble reactive phosphorus, bi-weekly for total suspended solids and monthly for total nitrogen
and chloride during the months of April through October. E. coli is collected bi-weekly during the
months of June, July and October, and weekly in August and September.
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Table 2.1 Historic Summer-average Total Phosphorus Concentrations for Edina Lakes
Lake Year
NMCWD
Summer Average TP
Concentration
(June - September)
(μg/L)
Metropolitan Council
Summer Average TP
Concentration
(May - September)
(μg/L)
North Lake Cornelia
2003 N / A 224
5
2004 164
1 N / A
2005 N / A 156
7
2006 N / A 154
8
2007 N / A 216
9
2008 172
4 N / A
2009 N / A 113
10
South Lake Cornelia 2004 190
1 N / A
2008 173
4 N / A
Mirror
1972 133
2 N / A
1990 99
2 N / A
2001 73
2 N / A
2004 119
2 N / A
Arrowhead Lake 2004 72
3 N / A
Indianhead Lake 2004 46
3 N / A
Harvey Lake 2004 N / A 152
6
Pamela Lake 2005 N / A 81
7
Lake Edina
2004 N / A 106
6
2005 N / A 128
7
2008 121
4 N / A
1 - Barr Engineering. 2006. Lake Cornelia Use Attainability Analysis (Draft). Prepared for Nine Mile Creek Watershed District
2 - Barr Engineering. 2004. Mirror Lake Use Attainability Analysis (Draft). Prepared for Nine Mile Creek Watershed District
3 - Barr Engineering. 2006. Arrowhead and Indianhead Lakes Use Attainability Analysis (Draft). Prepared for Nine Mile Creek
Watershed District
4 – 2008 Nine Mile Creek Watershed District Water Quality Monitoring Program
5 - Metropolitan Council. 2004. Regional Report: A 2003 Study of the Water Quality of 140 Metropolitan Area Lakes
6 - Metropolitan Council. 2005. Regional Report: A 2004 Study of the Water Quality of 145 Metropolitan Area Lakes
7 - Metropolitan Council. 2006. Regional Report: A 2005 Study of the Water Quality of 172 Metropolitan Area Lakes
8 - Metropolitan Council. 2007. Regional Report: A 2006 Study of the Water Quality of 186 Metropolitan Area Lakes
9 - Metropolitan Council. 2008. Regional Report: A 2007 Study of the Water Quality of 176 Metropolitan Area Lakes
10 - Metropolitan Council. 2010. Preliminary 2009 Lake Cornelia CAMP Data
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2.2.6 Parks & Recreation
Lakes, ponds, and creeks are often key attractions in public parks; examples within Edina include
Rosland Park, Bredesen Park, Pamela Park, Utley Park and Centennial Lakes Park.
The City of Edina has numerous community parks, neighborhood parks, and other public open space
recreational areas. Figure 2.4 shows the numerous parks and recreational areas within the City of
Edina.
2.2.7 Public Utilities
Edina is completely within the Metropolitan Council’s designated Metropolitan Urban Service Area
(MUSA). The MUSA is the area in the seven county metro area in which the Metropolitan Council
ensures that regional services and facilities are provided or planned. The City of Edina provides
sanitary sewer and water service throughout the city.
2.2.8 Fish and Wildlife Habitat
The water bodies and open spaces interspersed throughout the city provide habitat for numerous fish
and wildlife species, including birds, mammals, and reptiles. Ducks and geese are present in large
numbers at lakes, wetlands, and open water areas. Vegetative cover in the undeveloped open areas
support many mammalian species such as deer, raccoon, squirrels, fox, chipmunks, and rabbits. The
wetlands in Edina provide habitat for a variety of aquatic species including snakes, turtles, and frogs.
The Mn DNR has completed fishery surveys of three lakes within the City of Edina. The most recent
surveys were of Lake Cornelia in 2005 and Centennial Lake in 2006. Both of these lakes are part of
the Mn DNR’s Fishing in the Neighborhood (FIN) program. Lake Cornelia, Centennial Lake, and
Indianhead Lake have been stocked by the Mn DNR in recent years. Arrowhead Lake was observed
to be infested with the invasive aquatic plant Eurasian Watermilfoil; Minnehaha Creek was observed
to be infested with invasive Eurasian Watermilfoil and Flowering Rush. Table 2.2 summarizes the
available fishery survey, stocking, and aquatic invasive species information available for the water
bodies within the City of Edina.
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Table 2.2 Fishery and Aquatic Invasive Species Information
Water
Resource
Fishery Invasive Species
Survey
Year Stocking1 Dominant Fish
Species
Invasive
Species
Year
Present
Lakes
Lake
Cornelia 2005 Bluegill: 2000-2009
Bluegill, Black
Crappie, Carp N / A N / A
Arrowhead
Lake 1995 Bluegill: 1994, Largemouth Bass
Black
Bullhead,
Green Sunfish
Eurasian
Watermilfoil 1995
Centennial
Lake 2006
Bluegill: 2001-2009, Largemouth
Bass: 2002-2009, Northern
Pike: 2007-2009
Black
Bullhead,
Green Sunfish
N / A N / A
Indianhead
Lake N / A Bass: 2008,
Walleye: 2008 N / A N / A N / A
Streams
Minnehaha
Creek N / A N / A N / A
Eurasian
Watermilfoil
, Flowering
Rush
N / A
_________________________________
Source: MNDNR Lake Finder Website
1 – Stocking reports available for 1998-2009 from the MNDNR Lake Finder Website
2.2.9 Unique Features & Scenic Areas
The DNR Natural Heritage Program and Nongame Wildlife Program maintain a database of rare
plant or animal species and significant natural features. This database includes only one record of a
rare or threatened species observance in Edina; a Blanding’s Turtle (Emys Blandingii) was observed
in 1989 in the southeast portion of the City (see Figure 2.5). The Blanding’s Turtle was classified as
a threatened species in Minnesota in 1984.
Other information was reviewed to determine whether other unique features area present in Edina.
Based on this review, no Outstanding Resource Value Waters (Minnesota Rules 7050.0180),
Designated Scientific and Natural Areas (Minn. Stat. 86A.05), State Wildlife Management Areas
(Minn. Stat. 86A.05), or State Aquatic Management Areas (Minn. Stat 86A.05) are located within the
City of Edina.
2.2.10 Pollutant Sources
Figure 2.6 shows the approximate locations of registered storage tanks, leak sites, hazardous waste
generators, dump sites, Superfund sites, and MPCA Voluntary Investigation and Cleanup (VIC) sites,
as obtained from the Hennepin County Department of Environmental Services. The Hennepin County
Department of Environmental Services should be contacted for details about specific sites, since
many of the sites have been cleaned up or are in the clean-up process.
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2.2.10.1 Investigation and Cleanup Sites
The dump sites identified in Figure 2.6 include both unpermitted and permitted dump sites.
Unpermitted dump sites are historic landfills that never held a valid permit from the MPCA.
Generally, these dump sites existed prior to the MPCA’s permitting program, which was initiated in
1967. Unpermitted dump sites were often old farm or municipal disposal sites that accepted
household waste.
The MPCA VIC Program is a non-petroleum brownfield program that provides technical assistance
and administrative or legal assurances for individuals or businesses seeking to investigate or clean-up
contaminated property and to bring contaminated land back into productive use.
There is currently one MPCA Superfund Site within the City of Edina, also shown on Figure 2.6.
This site is the Edina Well Field. In 2004, the City of Edina detected elevated levels of vinyl chloride
in Municipal Well 7. Preliminary investigations found several Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)
in nearby groundwater. The City has since discontinued use of Well 7. However, concerns that
groundwater flow could lead to a larger regional problem remain. Further investigation and
evaluation of potential clean-up options is ongoing. Additional information on this site can be
obtained from the MPCA.
2.2.10.2 Tank Sites and Leak Sites
The tank sites identified in Figure 2.6 include registered petroleum tank facilities, both underground
and above ground. Leak sites are locations where a release of petroleum products has occurred from
a tank system. Leak sites can occur from aboveground or underground tank systems, or from spills at
tank facilities. A leak can result from an accident or from activities that occurred over a long period
of time. Many of the known leak sites shown on Figure 2.6 are related to releases from underground
fuel oil tanks.
2.2.10.3 Individual Sewage Treatment Systems (ISTS)
If properly functioning, individual sewage treatment systems (ISTS) typically do not impact the
water quality of surface or ground water resources. However, improperly functioning systems can
negatively impact water resources and are a source of ground and surface water contamination. City
records indicate that there are six known ISTS throughout the city.
2.2.11 Groundwater
The City of Edina operates two separate water systems: the Morningside water system and the Edina
water system. The Morningside system is supplied with treated surface water from the City of
Minneapolis; the City of Edina does not appropriate any surface water for its municipal water supply.
The water supply for the Edina system is groundwater, obtained from 18 groundwater wells, ranging
in depth from 450 to 1,100 feet. The City’s current groundwater appropriation permit limits the
City’s groundwater pumping to 17,500 gallons per minute or 3,000,000,000 gallons per year.
T.H. 169
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MAJOR DRAINAGE AREAS
Comprehensive Water Resource
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City of Edina, Minnesota
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EDINA SOILS CLASSIFICATION
Comprehensive Water Resource
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B - Moderate infiltration rates.
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3,000 0 3,000
Feet
Figure 2.3
WATER QUALITY
MONITORING STATIONS
Comprehensive Water Resource
Management Plan
City of Edina, Minnesota
1,000 0 1,000
Meters
¸#MCWD Stream Monitoring Station
¸#NMCWD Stream Monitoring Stations
^_Lake Water Quality Sampling Locations
Roads/Highways
Creek/Stream
Watershed District Boundary
City of Edina Boundary
2-11
S o u t h F o r k N i n e Mile
C
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e
k
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Lake
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Vern
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Bl
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Lake
Cornelia
Mirror
Lake
Arrowhead
Lake
Indianhead
Lake
Lake
Harvey
Mud
Lake
Centennial
Lakes
Braemar Park (Courtney Fields)
Bredesen
Park
Rosland Park
Pamela Park
Lewis Park
Highlands
Park
Walnut
Ridge Park
T. Lea Todd Park
Open Space 1
Heights Park
Garden
Park
Heights Park
Lincoln Drive
Floodplain
Van Valkenburg
Park
Fred Richards
Golf Course
Arden
Park
Krahl Hill
Creek Valley School Park
Lake Edina
Park
Normandale Park
Weber Field Park
Arneson
Acres Park
Countryside
Park
Centennial
Lakes
Park
Open Space 3
Centennial
Lakes
Park
Alden Park
Utley Park
Open Space 2
Moore Property Pamela Park
York Park
Yorktown
Park
Cornelia
School Park
Wooddale Park
Strachauer Park
Garden
Park
Open Space 5
Kojetin Park
Edinborough
Park
Bristol
Park
McGuire Park
Birchcrest
Park
Sherwood
Park
Melody Lake Park
Chowen Park
St. John's Park
Tingdale Park
York Park
York Park
Frank Tupa
Park
Grandview
Square
Open Space 6
York Park
Browndale
Park
Williams Park
Fox Meadow
Park
MinneapolisMinneapolis
HopkinsHopkins
Eden PrairieEden Prairie
RichfieldRichfield
BloomingtonBloomington
MinnetonkaMinnetonka
St. Louis ParkSt. Louis Park
!;N
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3,000 0 3,000
Feet
Figure 2.4
PARKS AND RECREATIONAL AREAS
Comprehensive Water Resource
Management Plan
City of Edina, Minnesota
1,000 0 1,000
Meters
Roads/Highways
Creek/Stream
Lake/Pond
Park/Recreational Area
City of Edina Boundary
2-12
S o u t h F o r k N i n e Mile
C
r
e
e
k
Melody
Lake
Hawkes
Lake
Highland
Lake
Lake
Pamela
Lake
Edina
NineMile
C
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456717
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4567158
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A
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A
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66th St
Vern
o
n
A
v
e
S
Interlachen Blvd
Bl
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e
R
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S
Valley View Rd
Lake
Cornelia
Mirror
Lake
Arrowhead
Lake
Indianhead
Lake
Lake
Harvey
Mud
Lake
Centennial
Lakes
MinneapolisMinneapolis
HopkinsHopkins
Eden PrairieEden Prairie
RichfieldRichfield
BloomingtonBloomington
MinnetonkaMinnetonka
St. Louis ParkSt. Louis Park
Blanding's Turtle
Emydoidea blandingii
!;N
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Feet
Figure 2.5
THREATENED AND
ENDANGERED SPECIES
Comprehensive Water Resource
Management Plan
City of Edina, Minnesota
1,000 0 1,000
Meters
State Threatened
Species Location (masked)
Roads/Highways
Creek/Stream
Lake/Pond
City of Edina Boundary
2-13
S o u t h F o r k N i n e Mile
C
r
e
e
k
Melody
Lake
Hawkes
Lake
Highland
Lake
Lake
Pamela
Lake
Edina
N ineMile
C
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100
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A
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e
66th St
Vern
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A
v
e
S
Interlachen Blvd
Bl
a
k
e
R
d
S
Valley View Rd
Lake
Cornelia
Mirror
Lake
Arrowhead
Lake
Indianhead
Lake
Lake
Harvey
Mud
Lake
Centennial
Lakes
MinneapolisMinneapolis
HopkinsHopkins
Eden PrairieEden Prairie
RichfieldRichfield
BloomingtonBloomington
MinnetonkaMinnetonka
St. Louis ParkSt. Louis Park
!;N
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m
x
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:
m
b
s
2
3,000 0 3,000
Feet
Figure 2.6
POLLUTANT SOURCES
Comprehensive Water Resource
Management Plan
City of Edina, Minnesota
1,000 0 1,000
Meters
")Dumps
$#
Leaking Underground
Storage Tank Location
!.Registered Tanks
#*VIC Sites
$1 Hazardous Waste Generators
")MPCA Superfund Sites
Roads/Highways
Creek/Stream
Lake/Pond
City of Edina Boundary
2-14