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HomeMy WebLinkAbout2019 Energy & Environment Commission Report to Council - Climate Action Plan StudyStudy and Report: Recommendations on Parameters for a Climate Action Plan for the City of Edina September 2019 Compiled by Lauren Satterlee Vice Chair, Edina Energy & Environment Commission With input and guidance from City of Edina sustainability manager Tara Brown, Commissioners Carolyn Jackson, Bayardo Lanzas, and Richard Manser, Great Plains Institute’s Abby Finis, City of Minneapolis staff Kelly Muellman and Luke Hollenkamp, and Ted Redmond of paleBLUEdot LLC. Appreciation to EEC Student Commissioner Chloe Maynor for assistance reviewing and documenting climate action plans adopted by comparable cities. Introduction 2 What is a Climate Action Plan? 2 Executive Summary 2 1. Why a Climate Action Plan? 3 What’s at Stake: Impacts on Residents, Businesses, Built Infrastructure 3 Warning from the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 4 Vision Edina 6 Features that Define Edina: ‘Sustainable Environment’ and ‘Future-Oriented’ 6 Strategic Focus Area: Environmental Stewardship 6 2019 Edina Quality of Life Community Survey 6 Edina’s Opportunity: A Call to Action 7 2. Key Components/Approaches 8 Climate Change Mitigation Strategies: Achieving GHG Emission Reductions 9 Specific Goals and Inventories 10 Climate Change Adaptation and Resilience Strategies 11 Equity, Inclusion, and Community Input 13 3. Examples from Other Cities 15 4. Measuring Progress 15 Aligning GHG Emissions Goals and Tracking with State, National, or Global Goals 15 Other Indicators of Success 16 Advice and Lessons Learned from Other Cities 18 5. Considerations 19 Recommendations & Prioritization 19 Materiality Matrix for Prioritization 19 Taskforce Operations 20 Initiating Groundwork Immediately 21 Timeline 21 References/Notes 23 Appendices 24 Appendix A: Leadership from the State, County, and Other Cities 24 Appendix B: City Leadership Across the U.S. - Comparing Climate Action Plan Focus Areas 27 Populations -- Edina and comparable cities: 28 Appendix C: Edina’s Current GHG Reduction Goals, Programs & Initiatives 35 Appendix D: List of Related Reports and Resources 40 Introduction What is a Climate Action Plan? “Climate action plans are comprehensive roadmaps that outline the specific activities that an agency will undertake to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Climate action plans build upon the information gathered by greenhouse gas inventories and generally focus on those activities that can achieve the relatively greatest emission reductions in the most cost effective manner.”1 The Center for Climate and Energy Solutions - an independent, nonpartisan, nonprofit organization working to forge practical solutions to climate change - adds, “The individual characteristics of each state’s economy, resource base, and political structure provide different opportunities for dealing with climate change. However, without targets for emissions reductions, incentives for cleaner technologies, or other clear policies, climate action plans will not achieve real reductions in GHG emissions.”2 Executive Summary The World Economic Forum says climate change is the number one threat to the global economy.3 The number of climate-related extreme weather events has been going up worldwide, according to the insurance industry. In 2016 alone these disasters caused losses totaling over USD $175 billion worldwide.4 A 2017 report by the State of Minnesota’s Interagency Climate Adaptation Team reported that, “Climate change is already occurring in Minnesota and its impacts are affecting our state’s environment, economy, and communities. Minnesota state government is concerned about the impacts of a changing climate on our natural resources, economy, health, and quality of life, and is taking action to address these emerging challenges.”5 A Minnesota Environmental Quality Board report details how climate change is impacting various aspects of work, life, and play for Minnesotans because of increasing temperatures, extreme weather, and dew points. [Source, 2014] Section 1 of this report includes information about the impacts of climate change in Minnesota, including Edina, details on the warnings from the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), and how a climate action plan would align with Edina’s Comprehensive Plan, Vision Edina, and Edina residents’ priorities from the 2019 Edina Quality of Life Survey. The World Economic Forum says climate change is the number one threat to the global economy. The 2018 IPCC report warned that in order to limit global warming to 1.5°C as the Paris Climate Accord states, we have a short window to do so. We will need to cut GHG emissions 45 percent by 2030 (from 2010 levels, as opposed to Edina’s goal to cut emissions 30% by 2025 from 2005 levels), and we must also reach net-zero emissions by 2050. [Source 1, Source 2] In Section 3 and Section 4 of this report, you can read about leadership of other cities through their establishment of successful climate action plans, including the cities of Minneapolis, St. Paul, and St. Louis Park, as well as cities outside of Minnesota that are comparable to Edina in population and climate zone, such as Iowa City, Sommerville, MA and Fort Collins, CO. A climate action plan would bring many benefits to the city and serve as a comprehensive umbrella for current and new sustainability initiatives. Section 2 provides information and recommendations around mitigating the City’s contribution to climate change and meet its greenhouse gas reduction goals, as well as planning for adaptation and resilience for city residents, businesses, and infrastructure in the face of current and future impacts. Section 2 also outlines how embedding equitable and inclusive approaches into the climate action plan will ensure the plan’s sustainability and help advance the city’s broader equity goals. A summary of considerations and recommendations for Edina City Council can be found in Section 5, including the establishment of a taskforce, ideally in 2020, to develop the Climate Action Plan for the City of Edina. The taskforce should include City staff, local experts, EEC representatives, and community representatives from diverse perspectives including within social, economic, sectoral, and geographic contexts. The EEC recommends the taskforce use materiality matrix assessment to prioritize strategies to mitigate GHG emissions, incorporate strategies to adapt to current and future environmental changes due to climate change, and prioritize strategies to foster resilience and inclusion. In developing the timeline for the Climate Action Plan, the taskforce should consider the IPCC recommendations around reducing GHG emissions (45 percent by 2030 and reaching net-zero by 2050) in the context of the City’s current GHG goals, county and state goals, as well as the resources available to cities from the state and national level. As the Climate Action Plan is being developed, it is recommended that the City simultaneously conduct a GHG emissions inventory and a climate risk assessment, so that data will be ready before the plan is finalized and can be used to inform the plan as well as any needed adjustments to Edina’s existing greenhouse gas reduction goals. 1. Why a Climate Action Plan? What’s at Stake: Impacts on Residents, Businesses, Built Infrastructure A 2017 report by the State of Minnesota’s Interagency Climate Adaptation Team reported that, “Climate change is already occurring in Minnesota and its impacts are affecting our state’s environment, economy, and communities. Minnesota state government is concerned about the impacts of a changing climate on our natural resources, economy, health, and quality of life, and is taking action to address these emerging challenges.” The report, “Adapting to Climate Change in Minnesota,” stated that “Both the science summarized in the National Climate Assessment and high-quality climatic data show that in Minnesota and the Midwest, rising temperatures have been driven by a dramatic warming of winter and also nights, with both the frequency and the severity of extreme cold conditions declining rapidly. Annual precipitation increases have been punctuated by more frequent and more intense heavy rainfall events. The heaviest snowstorms have also become larger, even as winter has warmed.” Edina and other cities across the Twin Cities metro area have already begun experiencing these impacts. Fewer extremely cold winter days may mean fewer icy roads and lower heating bills, but rapid melting after snowfall causing flooding and perhaps lower revenue for businesses facilitating winter sports activities. Increased heavy rain events will affect public and private property, and increases in the number and duration of hot days will mean higher air conditioning bills and stress on our electrical infrastructure. “Current trends and projections show that as the climate continues to change, Minnesotans should expect more difficult summers, with intense heat waves increasingly common, more prevalent water- and insect-borne diseases, and a greater number of days with low air quality. Floods and droughts alike may be more severe as precipitation events become stronger and summertime evaporation increases. Agriculture and forestry will both face new challenges from changing patterns in weather and ecological systems. Native species will face new pressures and threats as well.” [Source, 2013] The Minnesota Pollution Control Agency (MPCA) 2014 Minnesota Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment details environmental vulnerabilities facing the state, and the Minnesota Department of Health’s 2015 Minnesota Climate and Health Profile outlines climate related impacts on human health in the state. “These hazards will affect all Minnesotans, but carry unique risks for the most vulnerable populations, including the elderly, the very young, those with existing health concerns, and lower-income and historically marginalized communities who may not have good access to key services or resources.” [Source, 2013] [Source, 2014] [Source] Warning from the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change In 2018, the U.N. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) issued an urgent special report and summary for policy makers on the current climate crisis and “the impacts of global warming of 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels and related global greenhouse gas emission pathways, in the context of strengthening the global response to the threat of climate change, sustainable development, and efforts to eradicate poverty.” The IPCC reported that “global warming is likely to reach 1.5°C between 2030 and 2052 if it continues to increase at the current rate” and detailed the impacts expected as warming reaches 1.5°C and potentially rises to 2°C, projecting “robust differences in regional climate characteristics between present-day and global warming of 1.5°C, and between 1.5°C and 2°C. These differences include increases in: mean temperature in most land and ocean regions (high confidence), hot extremes in most inhabited regions (high confidence), heavy precipitation in several regions (medium confidence), and the probability of drought and precipitation deficits in some regions (medium confidence). ” Many global ecological systems will be impacted, and in turn impact humans. “Climate-related risks to health, livelihoods, food security, water supply, human security, and economic growth are projected to increase with global warming of 1.5°C and increase further with 2°C.” However, limiting warming to 1.5°C would be desirable as it would “reduce risks to marine biodiversity, fisheries, and ecosystems, and their functions and services to humans” and “lower the impacts on terrestrial, freshwater and coastal ecosystems and to retain more of their services to humans.” In regards to sea level rise alone, “by 2100, global mean sea level rise is projected to be around 0.1 metre lower with global warming of 1.5°C compared to 2°C (medium confidence). Sea level will continue to rise well beyond 2100 (high confidence), and the magnitude and rate of this rise depend on future emission pathways.” However, in regards to the projected outcomes of current mitigation actions, the IPCC concluded that current national mitigation goals “would not limit global warming to 1.5°C, even if supplemented by very challenging increases in the scale and ambition of emissions reductions after 2030.” The IPCC reports that limiting global warming to 1.5°C “would require rapid and far-reaching transitions in energy, land, urban and infrastructure,... and industrial systems... These systems transitions are unprecedented in terms of scale,... imply deep emissions reductions in all sectors, a wide portfolio of mitigation options and a significant upscaling of investments in those options.” In summary, the report warns that avoiding “reliance on future large-scale deployment of carbon dioxide removal (CDR) can only be achieved if global CO2 emissions start to decline well before 2030.” In other words, in order to limit global warming to 1.5°C as the Paris Climate Accord states, we will need to cut GHG emissions 45 percent by 2030 (from 2010 levels, as opposed to Edina’s goal to cut emissions 30% by 2025 from 2005 levels), and we must also reach net-zero emissions by 2050. Aiming to limit global warming to 2°C allows for more time, but also comes with much more devastating climate change impacts. [Source 1, Source 2] On a positive note, the IPCC highlights ways in which the U.N. Sustainable Development Goals can compliment emissions reductions efforts to ensure equitable distribution of benefits of this work. “Sustainable development supports, and often enables, the fundamental societal and systems transitions and transformations that help limit global warming to 1.5°C. Such changes facilitate the pursuit of climate-resilient development pathways that achieve ambitious mitigation and adaptation in conjunction with poverty eradication and efforts to reduce inequalities.” [Source] Vision Edina “The future we face is one filled with greater uncertainty, more rapid pace of change and emerging new opportunities. Vision Edina allows us to step back and look again at the big picture, and decide how we continue to evolve to remain a relevant, competitive and progressive city.” [Source] Vision Edina identified ‘Sustainable Environment’ and ‘Future-Oriented’ as features that define Edina. One of the eight key strategic focus areas that emerged through the Vision Edina process that would be supported by a Climate Action Plan is ‘Environmental Stewardship.’ Features that Define Edina: ‘Sustainable Environment’ and ‘Future-Oriented’ Vision Edina identified ‘Sustainable Environment’ and ‘Future-Oriented’ as features that define Edina. Edina is proud to build its infrastructure using leading principles of environmental sustainability and Edinana treasure and protect our public spaces and parks. A Climate Action Plan would continue to ensure we are following leading principles of environmental sustainability and protecting our shared spaces from the impacts of climate change. Additionally, Edina is proud to continually look forward and always be working to remain competitive, relevant and innovative and not to be afraid to adapt and change as the city evolves. This value would be strongly supported by climate action planning, which would aim to mitigate and adapt to the impacts of climate change on the City of Edina. Strategic Focus Area: Environmental Stewardship Environmental Stewardship is one of eight strategic focus areas identified in Vision Edina that would be supported by a Climate Action Plan. iii. ENVIRONMENTAL STEWARDSHIP - “Participants in the Vision Edina process were more supportive of environmentally responsible policies and practices than any other issue area. There is a growing awareness of the impact that the built environment has on the natural environment, and the individual and collective responsibility we all have toward good environmental stewardship. Community residents and stakeholders believe that Edina can take an active and ambitious internal and regional leadership role in embedding environmental stewardship principles through actions such as promoting more comprehensive recycling, smart building and energy efficiency practices. These themes couple well with the parallel benefits in smarter urban planning, increased transportation options and application of technology.” Please see Appendix C for additional strategic focus areas from Vision Edina that would be supported by a Climate Action Plan, including Regional Leadership, Residential Development Mix, Commercial Development Mix, Population Mix, Live & Work, and Transportation Options. Edina’s Comprehensive Plan(s) In its 2008 Comprehensive Plan, the City adopted the Minnesota State greenhouse gas reduction goals (as passed in 2007 by the Minnesota Legislature in the Next Generation Energy Act): 15% by 2015; 30% by 2025, and 80%% by 2050. Edina’s draft 2018 Comprehensive Plan calls for action by the City to address climate change, including the creation of a climate action plan. 2019 Edina Quality of Life Community Survey The Quality of Life Survey issued by the City of Edina in 2019 reflected that 75 percent of residents agree that the City should invest in programs and create policies to address climate change. 86 percent of residents also identified adapting to climate change as important, with 63 percent rating it as either essential or very important. [Source] [Source] [Source] Edina’s Opportunity: A Call to Action The City of Edina missed our 2015 goal to reduce GHG emissions by 15%, as stated in the 2008 Edina Comprehensive Plan (Comp Plan 10.2.3.), despite making progress on emission reductions. Considering this urgent report from the IPCC, and considering the state is progressing on its own clean energy goals (see Appendix A) the City needs to go beyond the low hanging fruit to achieve its GHG emissions reduction goals. 2. Key Components/Approaches NASA explains the common two-pronged approach to responding to climate change: 1. “Reducing emissions of and stabilizing the levels of heat-trapping greenhouse gases in the atmosphere (‘mitigation’);” 2. “Adapting to the climate change already in the pipeline (‘adaptation’).” [Source] The Minnesota Pollution Control Agency points out that mitigation and adaptation strategies are often complementary. “Without serious climate mitigation, humans and natural systems will find it increasingly difficult, if not impossible, to adapt. More often than one might think, there is an overlap between climate adaptation and mitigation, meaning that the same action can achieve both goals. [Figure 11] helps to illustrate that climate adaptation and mitigation can overlap in some cases. The chart below (see Figure 12) provides several examples of those overlapping climate adaptation responses that also can reduce emissions of greenhouse gases.” The additional graphic from the Minnesota Environmental Quality Board (EQB) outlines further areas of overlap between mitigation and adaptation strategies. [Source] [Source, 2014] Climate Change Mitigation Strategies: Achieving GHG Emission Reductions 120 cities in the U.S. are adopting 70-100 percent renewable or clean energy standards as part of their climate change mitigation strategies. As of 2019, this includes 10 cities in Minnesota, whose goals are displayed in the adjacent table. Four of these Minnesota cities - St. Louis Park, Minneapolis, St. Paul, and Rochester - have commitments for 100 percent renewable or clean energy by 2030. [Source] (Source, IonE 2019) It is recommended that a climate action plan for Edina focus primarily on mitigation strategies, which will be the actions taken to allow the city to achieve its own goals to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the city by 30% by 2025 and 80% by 2050. It may even be considered that these goals be revised and increased in order to meet the urgency of the climate crisis reported by the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and reflecting the leadership of the Governor’s office in introducing the One Minnesota Path to Clean Energy, a set of policies for Minnesota to source 100 percent of its electric energy from clean sources. [Source] Edina may even have the opportunity to exceed the goals of neighboring cities and continue to be a leader regionally, inspiring a healthy competition on this front! Specific Goals and Inventories Since the applications of climate change mitigation strategies will be very diverse – from transportation, to waste, to industrial, commercial, and residential energy use – it will be important to lay out specific goals in each of these areas to serve as a clear pathway for city staff directing, measuring, and tracking overall progress on the CAP. As a useful tool the City in categorizing emission mitigation strategies, “The GHG Protocol Corporate Standard classifies a company’s GHG emissions into three ‘scopes’: • Scope 1 emissions are direct emissions from owned or controlled sources. • Scope 2 emissions are indirect emissions from the generation of purchased energy. • Scope 3 emissions are all indirect emissions (not included in scope 2) that occur in the value chain of the reporting company, including both upstream and downstream emissions.” [Source] Past City of Edina efforts have focused mostly on Scope 1 emissions, but Scope 2 emissions will likely be the area in which the City has the largest opportunity for emissions reductions. The size of opportunity for emissions reductions should be considered carefully when prioritizing strategies in order to meet the GHG reduction goals. In order to facilitate measuring and tracking of overall progress on CAP goals for all emissions scopes, it is essential to establish a system to quantify and inventory emissions and ensure that the inventory is taken and tracked at regular increments. Before Iowa City adopted their CAP, they conducted a full emissions inventory and climate risk assessment. [Source] More on this topic can be found in the section of this report on Measuring Progress. Providing a Toolkit for businesses, residents, schools, and community-based organizations with tangible action steps will be important in setting expectations for community members within the CAP. More on this topic can be found in the subsection of this report on Equity, Inclusion, and Community Engagement. Climate Change Adaptation and Resilience Strategies While it is recommended that the City of Edina focus its CAP on climate mitigation strategies, it must also plan and adapt to the environmental changes that are occurring and will occur as a result of climate change. Additionally, the City must continue to value for aspects of our environment that fall outside of greenhouse gas emissions reduction goals or energy reduction goals. Adaptation strategies must address an increased risk of flooding. The City of Edina engineering department and water resources team published the 2018 Comprehensive Water Resources Management Plan and developed an interactive water resources map that includes local 1 percent annual chance flood inundation mapping. This is an example of how the city is responding and adapting to increasingly frequent flooding events caused by climate change. The following is an excerpt about the Flood Risk Reduction Strategy, which will be developed as part of the overall plan: “As part of this 10-year plan, the City of Edina will develop a Flood Risk Reduction Strategy that outlines a plan for working toward reducing flood risk.... The strategy will include preparation of planning-level cost estimates to help understand the potential financial investment required to meet the City’s flood protection goals and the anticipated timeframe for implementation. “The Flood Risk Reduction Strategy will focus on identification and prioritization of flood reduction efforts. The City will seek to maximize cost effectiveness and capitalize on coinciding opportunities, such as planned street reconstruction, redevelopment, availability of land, and other planned infrastructure improvement projects. Consideration will also be given to achieving additional ‘co-benefits’, such as water quality improvements, open space expansion, and wildlife habitat improvement. When completed, the Flood Risk Reduction Strategy will be included as an amendment to this CWRMP. The City recognizes that addressing regional and local flood issues throughout the community will require multiple strategies and many actions implemented over a generational time frame. The City will employ the strategies and associated actions summarized in the adjacent table for addressing flood issues.” [Source] [Source] Climate resilient strategies will only work with community support; therefore they will include a focus on leveraging the knowledge of the community and fostering their buy-in and collaboration towards reaching the CAP goals, and equitable distribution of the benefits of the CAP implementation work. More on this topic can be found in the following section on Equity, Inclusion, and Community Input. Part of securing community support includes consideration of other values of our environment. While Edina’s CAP must include strategies to mitigate GHG emissions and adapt to current and future environmental changes due to climate change, the community has a broader view of what it means to protect the environment. These values include maintaining water quality and tree cover, and equitable access to green space and resources such as parks, and encouraging robust community input on development projects. As the taskforce develops the CAP and plans for how the city will function in the future, they should consider and integrate best practices for mitigation and adaptation, how the community currently functions, and frameworks of values such as Vision Edina. Equity, Inclusion, and Community Input Community development initiatives are most sustainable when they involve the community members in the planning and implementation process and, consider social factors and impacts in addition to economic and environmental factors and impacts. This way, the plan and initiatives account for and leverage the knowledge within the community and the community members feel a sense of ownership in the plan’s success. Involving a diverse range of representatives from the community also increases the likelihood that the benefits of the plan’s outcomes will be equitably distributed throughout the community and reduce the risk of causing unintended harm. Public forums or hearings and community surveys (such as the Edina Quality of Life Survey) are two methods that can be employed at regular intervals to invite community input throughout the climate action planning process. Additional methods can be employed to ensure that community members that are most impacted by the effects of climate change have avenues for input as well. The MPCA notes that because of social and economic inequities, individuals and “communities of color, indigenous communities, and lower-income communities tend to be more vulnerable to the effects of air pollution” and other environmental risk factors that are aggravated by climate change. [Source] In a planning or community development process, “meaningfully involving individuals most impacted by structural racial inequity in the creation and implementation of the institutional policies and practices that impact their lives” is also known as employing a Race and Equity Lens. [Source] Cities like Fort Collins, Colorado place the value for the ‘triple bottom line’ - social, economic, and environmental considerations - as the foundation of their strategic planning processes. [Source] [Graphic Source] By incorporating inclusive and equitable approaches, the CAP also has the opportunity to help meet some of the recommendations in Edina’s Race & Equity Task Force (RETF) 2018 report. [Source] The CAP taskforce should report their approaches as part of the RETF annual reports and how they support progress toward established racial equity and CAP goals and the city’s community engagement plan. Once the CAP is being implemented, City staff can assume the responsibility to report outcomes of the CAP in the annual RETF reports. One way the CAP can also meet RETF recommendations is to write the CAP in plain language following federal plain language guidelines [Source]. Using plain language and incorporating input and voices from a diverse range of community members would help meet the recommendations of the RETF around records management and inclusive communications and technology services. The CAP taskforce may also want to include training for implicit bias on their agenda and within the CAP structure itself to help fulfill the RETF training recommendations. As an example, the City of Minneapolis’ climate action plan development process was centered around a taskforce or steering committee whose members included technical experts, community representatives, City and other government agency representatives, environmental commission members, as well as two members of four appointed working groups. Three technical working groups focused on key emissions areas (buildings & energy, transportation & land use, and waste & recycling) and the equity group focused on ensuring that the “strategies developed in the planning process did not exacerbate existing inequities or environmental and health burdens faced by Minneapolis communities.” [Source, 2013] Although not formed from the outset, Minneapolis city staff recommend that other cities establish equity working groups from the outset of the planning process to ensure this method and perspective is embedding into the CAP. [Source: Interview with City of Minneapolis, June 2019] Equitably represented task forces or working groups, town halls, and surveys are all established ways to invite community input into the planning process. As mentioned, community input will strengthen the sustainability of the CAP and its implementation initiatives. Sustainability must include equitable lenses for environmental and economic development initiatives, increasing equitable access to resources in the city, including energy efficient affordable housing options within new housing developments in the city, to allow for development without displacement. For example, exploring other community’s successes around cooperative housing and co-ownership could be a valuable model for increasing green affordable housing opportunities in Edina. In addition to ensuring inclusive input in the planning process, the City of Minneapolis recommends laying out expectations of individual citizens or households and their role in helping reach the CAP goals, and building that into the community outreach strategy. Providing a Toolkit for businesses, residents, schools, and community-based organizations with a pathway of tangible action steps and resources will help these entities engage and contribute towards city-wide goals. For this purpose, Iowa City released a Toolkit with their CAP and invites community members to take the Iowa City Climate Action pledge. [Source] In the Measuring Impact section of this report, there are some recommendations around creating indicators that accurately measure equity in line with the other indicators of the CAP. The CAP taskforce should build in methods for community input and related indicators within the planning process as well as the incremental scheduled times for the CAP’s reassessment. Building this into the CAP from the beginning will prioritize neighborhoods that need interventions the most and where resources should flow when they are available. There are funding resources and other resources available for incorporating an equity lens and inclusion strategy into planning processes such as Edina’s CAP. For example, the Minneapolis Climate Action & Racial Equity Fund offers “grants for place-based, community-driven initiatives and projects that result in a demonstrable reduction in local greenhouse gas emissions, align with the goals of the Minneapolis Climate Action Plan, and further the goals of the Minneapolis Strategic Racial Equity Plan. This fund is a partnership between the City of Minneapolis, The Minneapolis Foundation, and the McKnight Foundation.” [Source] Health care companies also have a history of funding green space projects in municipal areas because they view them as community health projects, one example benign the Green Fourth Street project by the Towerside Innovation District by Blue Cross Blue Shield. The CREATE Initiative at the University of Minnesota is also developing a toolkit expected to launch in January 2020 to help communities build tools to prevent “green gentrification” and displacement. 3. Examples from Other Cities Cities in Minnesota have established Climate Action Plans (including the cities of Minneapolis, St. Paul, and St. Louis Park), and more are currently drafting plans (including the City of Eden Prairie). For example, the City of Minneapolis has committed to 100 percent renewable electricity within city facilities and infrastructure by 2022 and citywide by 2030. Cities nationally that are comparable to Edina in characteristics such as population size and weather/climate have also established CAPs. Additionally, as of April 2019, more than 100 cities across the U.S. have committed to transition 100 percent renewable energy, and most of them plan to meet that goal by 2035. [Source] Other leading cities with Climate Action Plans that are comparable to Edina in population and climate zone include Iowa City, IA, Sommerville, MA and Fort Collins, CO. Appendix B contains a comparison of elements included in established CAPs in comparable cities, as well as indicators or measurement tools used by various cities to measure their success in meeting the CAP goals. Also included in Appendix C are notes on Edina’s progress on current related initiatives, and Edina’s opportunity for future initiatives under the umbrella of a CAP. The subsection of this report on Advice and Lessons Learned from Other Cities (within the Measuring Progress section) provides more insights from neighboring cities on their CAP and implementation processes from which Edina can learn. 4. Measuring Progress As mentioned previously, the CAP must include a system to emissions and a schedule to track progress on GHG emission reduction goals at regular increments. Iowa City conducted a full emissions inventory and climate risk assessment before adopting their CAP against which to measure the progress on their CAP goals. [Source] There are various tools available to the taskforce and staff, such as the calculation tools and guide provided by the GHG Protocol. [Source] The CAP goals and system of measuring progress towards those goals can be aligned to a variety of state, national, and global goals and methodologies. The selected system of measurement must also include indicators beyond pure emissions sources and include indicators of community health and equitable distribution of benefits of these emissions reductions in order to align with Edina’s values. Aligning GHG Emissions Goals and Tracking with State, National, or Global Goals The CAP taskforce will need to decide on the system of tracking and goals upon which the CAP will measure success and progress. This could be based upon Minnesota state goals (as laid out in Minnesota’s 2007 Next Generation Energy Act to reduce GHG emissions by 30% by 2025 and 80$ by 2050), or goals of international systems such as Local Governments for Sustainability (ICLEI) or the Paris Climate Accord. However, as mentioned in Section 1, the 2018 IPCC report warned that we need to strengthen the Paris targets and make significant change by 2030 if we want to avoid the worst impacts of climate change. Local Governments for Sustainability (ICLEI) is a global network of more than 1,750 local and regional governments committed to sustainable urban development and is anouther potential model with which to align. Their “activities, guided by five interconnected pathways, are designed to facilitate integrated sustainable urban development.” These five pathways include the “Low emission development pathway; Nature-based development pathway; Circular development pathway; Resilient development pathway; and Equitable and people-centered development pathway.” [Source] Other Indicators of Success Other indicators for success outside of the key emissions-reductions focus areas of the CAP should be established to help mirror Vision Edina’s wider environmental stewardship and quality of life priorities. In addition to equity considerations, perhaps the plan can set forth specific indicators to measure success based on Vision Edina strategies, community input and participation, and collaborative initiatives with neighboring cities to help bolster mutual success. These indicators should be established in line with the key focus areas aimed at reducing GHG emissions, and regular measuring and tracking systems set in place. It is recommended that measurement and tracking systems be established from the start to match division areas the City already uses, which in Edina’s case would be neighborhoods. This way, as measurements are made and funds are budgeted, decisions can be made about which neighborhoods should receive priority action during the implementation and reassessment phases. Systems like the STAR Community Rating System (Sustainability Tools for Assessing and Rating Communities) provide a framework and certification program for evaluating local sustainability encompassing social, economic, and environmental performance measures. (See adjacent STAR framework chart.) Cities like San Diego, Fort Collins, and Iowa City produce annual reports reflecting progress on key indicators within their CAPs. (See adjacent image of San Diego’s annual report.) Valuable tools and resources in establishing indicators for Edina’s CAP and conducting an initial emissions inventory could include: • The Regional Indicators Initiative and their wedge diagram tool (see sample adjacent figure) and other resources from the Minnesota’s Local Government Project for Energy Planning (LoGoPEP) • Metro Climate Stats by the Metropolitan Council • The Climate Adaptation Framework Menu of Community Resilience Strategies • The EPA’s Climate Change Adaptation Resource Center (ARC-X) which walks through the MN Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment process and provides applicable tools. [Source] Advice and Lessons Learned from Other Cities The City of Minneapolis adopted their CAP in June 2013. Reflecting on their work to implement the plan in the initial few years, city staff recommended setting specific and aggressive goals within the CAP (perhaps sparking a friendly competition with neighboring cities) including considering including a 100 percent renewable electricity goal from the outset, and stating clearly why the aggressive goals are needed in meeting the GHG reduction and CAP goals. They also recommended ensuring that one staff person is in charge of tracking the high-level progress on the CAP cumulatively and against the CAP goals, and reporting this progress regularly to City Council. They also advised stipulating within the CAP to keep reporting methods consistent across changes in City leadership, and develop expectations or a pledge for individual citizens/households in contributing their part to achieving the city’s CAP goals. [Source: Interview with City of Minneapolis, June 2019] 5. Considerations Edina is already working on initiatives that could be built upon in a Climate Action Plan, including: • An energy benchmarking policy, • Curbside organics recycling, • A green building policy, including plans for optimal reuse/recycling of demolition/deconstruction waste, • A green business recognition program, • City vehicle fleet electrification and efficiency goals, • Integrating bicycle lanes and pedestrian paths into area development planning, • Floodplains mapping to inform residents and businesses of risk, • Infrastructure planning around stormwater capture, and • Support for lower-income residents for ash tree removal and replacement. A Climate Action Plan will connect these and future initiatives that can be measured according to our environmental goals and values. Recommendations & Prioritization The Edina Energy and Environment Commission recommends establishing a taskforce, in early 2020, to develop a Climate Action Plan. The taskforce should be composed of City staff, community members who have a baseline knowledge of energy and the environment (including Edina residents and representatives from Edina businesses and community organizations), representatives from the EEC, representatives from some of our neighboring cities that have established CAPs, representatives from equity and technical working groups, and local consultants who have assisted other local cities in developing CAPs. The taskforce structure could be modeled after the City of Minneapolis’ climate action plan development process, whose taskforce included two members of four technical and equity-focused working groups including representatives from the community businesses, residents, and community organizations. The taskforce may also reach out to a specific community member or group invite to join them if they see a gap in knowledge on the taskforce that would not necessarily require a working group. [Source, 2013] Materiality Matrix for Prioritization The taskforce should prioritize Climate Action Plan initiatives based on a materiality matrix considering the following: • Vision-based planning: Vision Edina, the 2018 Edina Comprehensive Plan, and the 2018 IPCC Report. • Mitigation, Adaptation, Resilience, Equity, and Inclusion: o Prioritize strategies to mitigate GHG emissions and incorporate additional strategies to adapt to current and future environmental changes due to climate change. o Prioritize strategies to foster resilience by holding high other values not directly tied to emissions reduction with focuses on: leveraging knowledge within the community, laying a foundation in the ‘triple bottom line,’ establishing shared expectations of community members to help achieve CAP goals, and ensuring equitable distribution of the benefits of the CAP implementation work. • Hazard and disaster prevention: Observed impacts of climate change driven extreme weather on City infrastructure. • Effectiveness versus ease of implementation: Prioritize strategies that offer the largest emissions reduction opportunities for all types and scopes of emissions over strategies that are easiest to achieve. • Stakeholder input: o Results from the 2019 Quality of Life Survey indicating from 75 percent of residents agree that the City should invest in programs and create policies to address climate change. o Leadership of private businesses within Edina, highlighted by Edina’s green business recognition program. o Consider providing a Toolkit for businesses, residents, schools, and community-based organizations with a pathway of tangible action steps and resources will help these entities engage and contribute towards the city wide CAP goals. Iowa City released a Toolkit with their CAP and invites community members to take the Iowa City Climate Action pledge. o Input from diverse community representatives serving on taskforce and reporting from a broader equity working group and other community input methods during the planning process, as well as via set methods and indicators to gather community input at the incremental scheduled times for the CAP’s reassessment. o Utilizing public hearings and other public inputs to inform the decision-making process. • Measurement & Reporting: The CAP should require outcomes that are tracked and reported to Council annually in a cumulative/trend-based reporting style. The CAP should be reassessed at a regular increment to balance need and capacity, perhaps every five years. At the time of reassessment, the CAP can be adjusted to reflect new climate science or policies, and new priorities and actions can be added. • Starting now: As the CAP is being developed, other groundwork can be laid, such as conducting a GHG emissions inventory and climate risk assessment. • Reassessing the City’s Current GHG Goals: Based on the outcome of the GHG emissions inventory, climate risk assessment, recommendations from bodies such as the IPCC, and analysis by the tools such as MN LogoPEP, and prior to finalizing the CAP, the taskforce should consider the need for adjusting the City’s current GHG goals. Taskforce Operations Here are recommendations for the operations of the taskforce and related representatives and resources. • Convener/Facilitator: We recommend hiring a convener for the taskforce to moderate the metings and public hearings, take minutes and write the draft Climate Action Plan. • Expert Assessment and Taskforce: o The Measuring Impact section of this report lists several resources. o Non-resident experts should be qualified to provide practical tools for achieving the goals of the CAP that fit Edina’s unique assets and opportunities. o Potential local consultants canassist with parts of the planning process could include the Great Plains Institute and PaleBlueDot, LLC, as well as other resources previously utilized like the Regional Indicators. MnTAP offers Minnesota businesses workshops and other resources on greening your business. o Other cities who have adopted Climate Action Plans can be utilized as a resource. City of Minneapolis staff were already interviewed for this report, but it is recommended that the taskforce interview staff from out of state cities such as Sommerville, MA and Fort Collins, CO that are comparable to Edina. Interview questions could include 1) their strategy/focus areas in a) mitigation and b) adaptation; 2) progress measurement methods and which indicators are used on what timeline; 3) community engagement methods for input; 4) their expected vs observed costs; 5) funding sources; 6) successes and general lessons learned. o Additional recommended representatives include:  City staff  Representatives from the EEC  Members of the broader Edina community from both residents and businesses with a baseline understanding of energy, environment or equity considerations.  Working group representatives: The taskforce structure could be modeled after the City of Minneapolis’ climate action plan development process, whose taskforce included two members of four technical and equity-focused working groups including representatives from the community businesses, residents, and community organizations. Initiating Groundwork Immediately Simultaneously with forming the taskforce, the City can identify and initiate other groundwork, such as a GHG emissions inventory and a climate risk assessment, which will inform the content and the strategy of the CAP. Timeline The taskforce should develop a timeline for specific actions based on the outcomes of the materiality matrix assessment and related priority actions. The timeline should show when each priority action should start and how long it is estimated to take. In developing the timeline for the Climate Action Plan, the taskforce should consider the IPCC recommendations around reducing GHG emissions (45 percent by 2030 and reaching net-zero by 2050) in the context of the City’s current GHG goals, county and state goals, as well as the resources available to cities from the state and national level. As mentioned in the Recommendations section, outcomes should be tracked and reported to Council annually in a cumulative/trend-based reporting style, and planning should be reassessed at a regular increment balancing need and capacity, perhaps every five years. At the time of reassessment, planning can be adjusted to reflect new climate science or policies, and a new set of priority actions can be selected. The adjacent figure shows an example priority action timeline used by Sommerville, MA, where each timeline bar represents an initiative under the focus area listed on the left side of the chart. [Source] References/Notes 1 Institute for Local Government. (2015). Climate Action Plans. http://www.ca-ilg.org/climate-action- plans 2 The Center for Climate and Energy Solutions. (2019, April). U.S. State Climate Action Plans. https://www.c2es.org/document/climate-action-plans/ 3Larry Elliot, Larry. (2016, January 14). “Climate change disaster is biggest threat to global economy in 2016, say experts,” The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/business/2016/jan/14/climate- change-disaster-is-biggest-threat-to-global-economy-in-2016-say-experts 4Insurance Information Institute, “Catastrophes: Global,” last accessed October, 2017. http://www.iii.org/fact-statistic/catastrophes-global 5 City of Minneapolis. (2016, November). Minneapolis Climate Action Plan. http://www.minneapolismn.gov/sustainability/climate-action-goals/climate-action-plan 6 Minnesota Environmental Quality Board. (2014). Minnesota and Climate Change: Our Tomorrow Starts Today. https://www.eqb.state.mn.us/sites/default/files/documents/EQB%20Climate%20Change%20Communic ations.pdf 7 Appendices Appendix A: Leadership from the State, County, and Other Cities Minnesota State Energy, GHG Reduction, and Utility Goals “Minnesota is committed by statute to do its part for the climate by meeting its Next Generation Energy Act [NGEA] goals. This 2007 law sets a goal for the state to cut its annual emissions of greenhouse gases by 80% between 2005 and 2050. While much progress has been made, the 2050 goal will require policies well beyond what is already in place at the federal or state level.” [Source] [Image Source] Between 2005 and 2016, emissions in some sectors fell (electricity generation, transportation, and agriculture/forestry, and waste), but emissions from other sectors grew (industrial, residential, and commercial). [Source] Imaage: Changes in emissions in Minnesota by sector 2005-2016 [Image Source] To address the need for policy to achieve our state’s GHG goals and build upon the success of NGEA, on March 4, 2019, Minnesota’s Governor Tim Walz and Lieutenant Governor Peggy Flanagan announced the One Minnesota Path to Clean Energy, which is a set of policy proposals for Minnesota to reach 100 percent clean electricity generation sector by 2050. “Climate change is an existential threat,” Governor Tim Walz said. “We must take immediate action… These proposals would put us at the forefront of addressing climate change. Minnesota will pioneer the green energy economy—creating jobs while protecting our planet for generations to come.” [Source] The new policies target the energy generation sector in three ways: 1. 100 Percent Clean Energy by 2050. This standard would require all electric utilities in Minnesota to use only carbon-free energy resources by 2050, while allowing each utility the flexibility to choose how and at what pace they meet the standard. The proposal includes provisions to assist workers and communities affected by the transition, while prioritizing local jobs and prevailing wages for large new clean energy projects. 2. Clean Energy First. This regulatory policy would require that, whenever a utility proposes to replace or add new power generation, it must prioritize energy efficiency and clean energy resources over fossil fuels. This policy would strengthen an existing renewable energy preference in Minnesota law, and it would allow for fossil fuel-based power only if needed to ensure reliable, affordable electricity. 3. Energy Optimization. This proposal would raise Minnesota’s Energy Efficiency Resource Standard for investor-owned electric utilities and expand the Conservation Improvement Program that helps Minnesota households and businesses save on their utility bills by using energy more efficiently. It would also encourage utilities to develop innovative new programs to help consumers and businesses switch to more efficient, cleaner energy. In addition, it would target more energy-saving assistance for low-income households. [Source] These statewide policies follow Xcel Energy’s announcement in December 2018 of their public commitment “to generate 100 percent of its electricity from clean energy by 2050. Two states – California and Hawaii – have adopted mandates for 100 percent clean energy.”[Source] Ben Fowke, Xcel Energy’s Chairman, President and CEO stated, “Xcel Energy is committed to serving customers, and that includes responding to the concerns of many customers around the risk of climate change. National and international studies paint a sobering picture about this risk and call for nothing less than a transformation of our industry to help address it. While that transformation will be challenging, we see an opportunity for our company and those we serve to significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions reliably, safely and at a low cost.” [Source] In addition to utilities, Minnesota’s private sector is taking a lead. “More than 100 major global companies have also pledged to meet their energy needs with 100 percent clean energy by 2050 or sooner, with Minnesota’s own 3M being the latest to make this commitment.” [Source] Additionally, many major Minnesota businesses, including General Mills, Best Buy, Aveda, Cargill, Tennant Company, Target, Uponor, Clif Bar, and Ben & Jerry’s have expressed their support for a transition to a low carbon economy, including reducing their own greenhouse gas emissions because they understand the importance of climate change to their profitability and supply chains. [Source] In the transportation sector, in 2018, Metro Transit cancelled an order for diesel buses and announced a goal to transition to 100 percent electric vehicle bus fleet by 2040. [Source] As of April 2019, there are bills in play in Minnesota’s legislature proposing support for this, and other support for other parts of emerging electric vehicle (EV) industry such as rebates for new and used EV car purchases and investments in charging stations. [Source] Minneapolis and Saint Paul are on track to join the list of cities across the world with zero-emission bus fleets. [Source] The Metropolitan Council’s Local Planning Handbook has a large collection of resources for cities to incorporate resilience into their comprehensive plans and other planning processes. [Source] Hennepin County Solid Waste Requirements “The Hennepin County Solid Waste Management Master Plan for 2018 - 2023 identifies strategies the county will pursue to reach the goals of recycling 75 percent of waste and sending zero waste to landfills by 2030. State statute requires metro counties to prepare master plans every six years that identify strategies to meet the recycling goals and objectives in the state’s Metropolitan Area Solid Waste Management Policy Plan. The plan was adopted by the Hennepin County Board of Commissioners on November 28, 2017. See the Hennepin County Solid Waste Management Master Plan for 2018 - 2023 (PDF) to learn about the proposed strategies and next steps.” [Source] Appendix B: City Leadership Across the U.S. - Comparing Climate Action Plan Focus Areas Collected by City staff on other cities in 2017: Populations -- Edina and comparable cities: Edina - 51,958 Eden Prairie, MN - 64,400, climate inheritance resolution building on their energy action plan + net-zero GHG by 2040 Iowa City, IA - 75,798 Somerville, MA - 81,360 Minneapolis, MN - 422,331 St. Paul, MN - 306,621 Fort Collins, CO - 165,080 Bellevue, Washington - 144,444 Bethesda, MD - 63,374 Carmel, IN - 92,198 Highland Park, IL - 29,767, 2009 Sustainability Strategic Plan Lee’s Summit, MO - 97,290 Littleton, CO - 47,734 Manhattan Beach, CA - 35,924 Newton, MA - 88,994 Menlo Park, CA - 34,357 Shaker Heights, OH - 27,440 University Park, TX - 25,201 The following table provides a snapshot of cities comparable to Edina that have already established Climate Action Plans – including Minneapolis, St. Paul, and St. Louis Park as well as other cities outside of Minnesota – and an overview of the features of those plans. Overview of other climate action plan components (details in table below): a. Energy i. Greening the Energy Supply (including renewables) ii. Codes, Finance, & Incentive Programs iii. Rental and Time-of-Sale Building Energy Use Disclosure 1. Green Jobs b. Transportation i. Related Street & Land Use Planning c. Waste & Carbon Sequestration d. Water i. Water Management & Quality Control e. Community Input / Outreach f. City Leadership g. Equity Key: MS = Minneapolis, MN SP = St. Paul, MN (more info; background) SLP = St. Louis Park, MN (more info) FC = Fort Collins, CO SM = Sommerville, MA IA = Iowa City, IA (more info including on community input methods) Focus Area Elements Included in Specific City CAPs Indicators/ Measuring Success Funding Sources Edina’s Progress/ Initiatives Edina’s Opportunity Energy Greening the Energy Supply (including renewable s) IA- Initiate an education campaign surrounding decarbonization; study city properties for electrification opportunities; expand this study to residences; initiate community solar projects. MS- Green Zone Initiatives for areas facing multiple vulnerabilities; Public-private efficiency campaign; City facilities and infrastructure lead efficiency model; Help 75% of homeowners, renters, and rental property owners participate in efficiency retrofit programs. SP- Adopt stricter building energy codes for new development; Deep energy retrofits program for 1-4 unit households, high and low income; Provide education about electrification of gas appliances; Host a city wide solar resource map on city website; Provide solar education for builders SM- Explore net-zero energy or net-zero emissions-based performance standards FC- Build in efficiency from start; Make existing homes more efficient; Shift heating loads to biofuel, geothermal, and electrification SLP: Encourage residents and businesses to switch to renewable sources; Add solar to public buildings MS- 5% efficiency in residential buildings and 20% efficiency in commercial/indus trial buildings from growth baseline; Increase electricity from renewables to 10% of the total; 1.5% annual reduction in GHG from City facilities. SLP- Large commercial building energy efficiency team measures progress toward established goals. SP- Reach 5% annual participation in energy conservation by 2040; 100% Large, multifamily, and municipal building participation in building benchmarking (50k sq ft) by 2030; 150 MW commercial solar rooftop capacity by 2040; 100% Green new development of large or SLP - Consultant from Great Plains Institute, fee paid by City SP- Grant money from winning the Bloomberg Philanthropi es American Cities Climate Challenge. Installed one community solar garden; Encourages individual solar PV; Established PACE program; Incentivize individual solar PV; Develop carbon offsets; Establish Renewable Energy Taskforce multifamily buildings by 2040. Codes, Finance, & Incentive Programs MS- Support the adoption of the latest IECC and IGCC and adopt the latter locally; Develop tools to finance retrofits to commercial and residential buildings that have low barriers to entry and limit risk; Incentivize energy & water efficiency in private buildings at all touchpoints with the City including restructuring permit and other fee schedules and incentivizing high energy performance; City-financed projects meet an efficiency standard; Explore conservation based pricing and renewables when updating franchise agreements with utilities; Time of sale and rental labl disclosure. IA- Implement a green business recognition program SP- Offer a one-year production incentive for residential and multifamily solar installation; explore an energy benchmark requirement for commercial and multifamily buildings; implement an energy challenge program for partners; provide lower cost EV charging at city owned parking lots. Green Business Recognition Program established by EEC in 2018/2019; Energy Benchmarkin g Ordinance of 2019 CAP taskforce can advise Rental and Time-of- Sale Building Energy Use Disclosure SM- Enable rental energy disclosure requirement SLP - Adopt a building energy disclosure ordinance for all public and commercial buildings greater than 20,000 square feet; SP- Adopt a point of sale and point of rent energy disclosure ordinance. MS- Create time-of-sale and time-of-rent energy label disclosure. CAP taskforce can advise Green Jobs MS- Expand efforts to promote green jobs that support GHG emission reduction goals. IA- Expand current rideshare program CAP taskforce can advise Transportation EV Ready and hybrid vehicles in City fleet - SM- Develop electric vehicle charging infrastructure strategy; Parking policy to meet low-carbon mobility needs. FC- Accelerate adoption of fuel efficient and EVs IA- add two EV charging stations to visible public parking facility locations. SLP- Add EV charging to City lots SP- Expand public charging infrastructure; require new developments to have wiring capacity to charge electric vehicles and reserve a percentage of new parking spots for exclusive EV use. Resource: Drive Electric MN will soon have more resources for cities, including a checklist, sample presentations, etc. See also Cities Charging Ahead AU- At Least 95% of the vehicles purchased annually by the city are alternative-fuel capable. SP- 600 Level 2 EV chargers by 2040; reach 80% of on road vehicles as EVs by 2040; 100 mobility hubs by 2040. City has purchased EVs and hybrids. [Partial Source] +Purchasing policy, comp planning CAP taskforce can advise Related Street & Land Use Planning FC- Shift land use patterns to shorten trips and reduce need to drive IA- change land use to more compact and mixed-use developments, encourage compact and contiguous design, and infill development across the City SP-Set parking maximums for most land-use types and require developers and landlords to “unbundle” parking from rent; Mitigate the impact of inner-city highways (via capping, converting into boulevards, or removal); SP- Increase public transit ridership 25% by 2040; Reduce Single Occupancy Vehicle commuters by 40% of 2015 levels by 2040. CAP taskforce can advise Increase mixed use communities; Ensure that mobility hubs are within a quarter mile from public transportation. Waste & Carbon Sequestration FC- Road to zero waste/ carbon sequestration IA- Expand waste diversion programs; reduce Waste at city facilities; develop a waste management plan; expand tree canopy; study waste generation from landfill SP- Implement a waste prevention plan; Place a fee on disposable shopping bags; Implement a curbside organics program; Require reuse/recycling of construction and demolition materials; Require "to-go" packaging to be compostable; Capture and utilize methane leaking from Pig's Eye landfill. SLP- Adopt a waste reduction plan to achieve a 50% reduction in garbage by 2050 from BAU; Continue to improve and enforce the city’s Zero Waste Packaging ordinance Suggested- Incentives to plant more and larger tree, management training (residential and professionals) Suggested- Continuous training and improvement on appropriate recycling and organics practices; Business/commercial recycling incentives; Single use plastics ban SP- Reach 80% total waste diverted from landfill by 2040, with 10% or waste composted, 55% recycled and a 5% reduction in annual tons of waste. In progress: Curbside organics recycling program; Ash tree replacement policy Mandate business recycling including organics for food-related businesses; Require recycling/orga nics at public events; Consider organized solid waste hauling; Track trees felled and diameter, growth, and sequestration of replacements Water Water Manageme nt & Quality Control IA- Study on extracting and reusing methane from wastewater SLP- Include water efficiency educational materials in building permit process; encourage improvements to a building’s water efficiency during renovation. SM - Implement a modern urban forestry management plan; Investigate enterprise fund to improve stormwater management; Flood resilience standard for new construction SP- Distribute water conservation educational materials; Support opportunities for residents to electrify water heaters; Identify opportunities for large business with significant hot water leads to use solar thermal technology. Suggested: https://ensia.com/features/flo oding-increase-cities-live-with- water-green-stormwater- infrastructure/ SLP - Improve the efficiency of water delivery, encourage conservation, SLP - Tracking residential, municipal, and industrial water use. SP- Reduce per person annual water consumption by 2% by 2040, and annual per job usage by 5% by 2040. Edina Interactive Water Resources Map for residential flood risk and related guidance; 2018 Comprehensi ve Water Resources Managemen t Plan CAP taskforce can advise Community Input / Outreach IA- Public forums and input meetings held during plan formation; steering committee comprising of community representatives formed to oversee implementation of plan; community climate action grant created, SM- Consumption based GHG inventory and community outreach on impacts of consumption; Preparedness education program and CAP taskforce can advise emergency alert system for flooding and extreme heat; Organize community leadership program; Create regional coalition for neighboring municipalities develop strategy to push action SLP - Youth Lead initiatives to reduce school emissions, and business outreach; creation of the Climate Action Plan Advisory Committee SP- Three community engagement sessions were held for residents to learn and provide feedback about the plan. City Leadership SM - Set net-zero building and renewable electricity standards for new municipal buildings and major renovations SP- Have all municipal buildings carbon neutral by 2025; Benchmark municipal energy and gas; Install LED streetlights; Deploy renewable thermal technologies on city property; Increase municipal purchasing of renewable energy; Work with schools to participate in Xcel's low- income solar opportunities. SP- Reach and maintain a 9% annual GHG reduction. CAP taskforce can advise Equity IA- Conduct a vulnerable populations asset mapping exercise; Develop communications and outreach plan for vulnerable populations; Analyze climate- related public health impacts in Iowa City SM- Improve bus reliability and trip times; Expand bicycle infrastructure SP- Target small businesses in low-income communities with Established Fair Housing Policy in 2018 and revised Multi-Family Housing Policy in 2019.. CAP taskforce can advise energy efficiency opportunities; Reduce resident energy burden to 4% of income per month; Incorporate accessibility options for mobility devices in protected lanes; Ensure educational information for small business efficiency programs are available in multiple languages Suggested- Plan for anticipated growth in population/ density while considering affordability/ access and existing single family housing stock. Appendix C: Edina’s Current GHG Reduction Goals, Programs & Initiatives The City of Edina participated in a workshop series to identify opportunities to build resilience related to local climate change, sponsored by the MPCA and Metropolitan Council, among others. The workshop recommendations for adaptation to climate change for Edina’s Built Infrastructure included: • Continue plans to increase durability of roadways and reduce road stress • Continue and increase efforts to repair sanitary sewers • Plan for and educate about drinking water conservation • Continue to improve energy and water efficiency and safety a city-owned buildings [Source: “Making Adaptation Plans for Minnesota’s Changing Climate” Edina Workshop] The City of Edina has made progress on select areas related to climate change mitigation and adaptation - which are detailed below - and has committed to the value of Environmental Stewardship in Vision Edina. Solid Waste: Edina has a curbside recycling program and is rolling out an organics waste curbside program in 2020. [Source] Water: “Edina’s Water Resources Coordinator… supports pollution prevention, the quality of groundwater, lakes, ponds, creeks, and wetlands as well as reviewing flooding and drainage.” Edina also encourages businesses to become Smart Salting certified. [Source] The city provides resources to residents on reducing water use and protecting our water bodies. [Source] Carbon Sequestration: “The Forestry team… [is] tasked with many duties including replanting trees in city parks and identifying, marking, and removing disease trees.” [Source] The City received a grant for assisting low-income households in replacing Ash trees. The EEC is also tasked with a Study and Report on potential pollinator resolution in 2019. Energy: Edina worked with Xcel Energy’s Partners in Energy program to create an Electricity Action Plan. [Source] The Edina Energy and Environment Commission (EEC) hosted a Home Energy Fair in 2018 to educate residents and provide resources for residential energy saving opportunities. [Source] The City was awarded by CERTs and the Minnesota Department of Commerce with a Clean Energy Community Award for successful outreach work to residents. Residents took 1,275 energy-saving actions in 2017; Windsource had 976 new Edina subscribers in 2017; 224 actions were taken by businesses, saving 10 GWh of electricity; and more than 15 actions were taken by the city to lower the city’s greenhouse gas emissions by 7.5 percent, including lighting retrofits, recommissioning the Braemar Ice Arena, and increasing the Conservation and Sustainability Fund from $250,000 to $1 million annually to invest in future energy efficiency upgrades. [Source] The EEC is also tasked in 2019 to review and recommend a building energy benchmarking policy. Edina’s Emerald Energy Program (EEEP) provides business property owners with financing options for renewable energy or energy efficient building improvements through partnership with the St. Paul Port Authority (SPPA) Program called Pace of MN. [Source] The city also opened its first Community Solar Garden in 2018 with 68 households subscribed. [Source] Edina also has a solar panel array on the roof of City Hall since 2012. [Source] Transportation: The City also owns [#] hybrids and [#] electric vehicles (EVs), which make up [%] of its vehicle fleet. [Partial Source] Community Engagement: The EEC is tasked in 2019 to review and establish an annual Business Recognition Program Award for leadership in energy and the environment in consultation with members of the Human Rights Commission. Vision Edina “The future we face is one filled with greater uncertainty, more rapid pace of change and emerging new opportunities. Vision Edina allows us to step back and look again at the big picture, and decide how we continue to evolve to remain a relevant, competitive and progressive city.” [Source] As mentioned in the report, Vision Edina identified ‘Sustainable Environment’ and ‘Future-Oriented’ as features that define Edina. One of the eight key strategic focus areas that emerged through the Vision Edina process that would be supported by a Climate Action Plan is ‘Environmental Stewardship.’ Below are some suggested strategic actions related to this strategic focus area: iii. ENVIRONMENTAL STEWARDSHIP - “Participants in the Vision Edina process were more supportive of environmentally responsible policies and practices than any other issue area. There is a growing awareness of the impact that the built environment has on the natural environment, and the individual and collective responsibility we all have toward good environmental stewardship. Community residents and stakeholders believe that Edina can take an active and ambitious internal and regional leadership role in embedding environmental stewardship principles through actions such as promoting more comprehensive recycling, smart building and energy efficiency practices. These themes couple well with the parallel benefits in smarter urban planning, increased transportation options and application of technology.” Suggested Strategic Actions: 1. “Develop a comprehensive city-wide environmental management plan that explores and includes best practices in water management, biodiversity, green space management, streetscape enhancement and waste management.” o [Note: A Climate Action Plan could supplement Edina’s environmental management plan, or serve as the plan if there is not one in place currently.] 2. “Partner with energy and utility service providers to educate residents on the importance of energy efficiency in their daily living and promote energy efficiency and smart building practices at all City-owned properties. This could include well-established practices such as publishing data on the carbon emission, waste levels and recycling levels.” o [Note: Publishing Climate Action Plan related data could dovetail with these suggested education initiatives. ] 3. “Identify a series of environmental flagship pilot projects to bring stakeholders together and begin exploring creative solutions. Examples could include: waste collection and management across the city; recycling and green waste management; environmental overlays on development projects such as Pentagon Park; and utilization of available areas such as Fred Richards Park as community gardens and biodiversity spaces.” o [Note: Climate action plan steps could dovetail with these pilot projects.] 4. “Develop incentives for individual households to take an active role in the overall city responsibility for environmental management, including reducing nutrient loads in run-off, local recycling and efficient resource usage.” o [Note: Climate action planning could help develop ideas for incentives for individual households to take an active role in the overall city responsibility for environmental management.] Additional Related Strategic Focus Areas Additionally, other strategic focus areas that would be supported by a Climate Action Plan included Regional Leadership, Residential Development Mix, Commercial Development Mix, Population Mix, Live & Work, and Transportation Options. iv. REGIONAL LEADERSHIP – [Note: Climate action planning would help develop suggested new best practices in environmental sustainability for city leaders and residents to apply, to help ensure that the City of Edina builds the future intelligence capacity to retain a future-focused worldview, and act as an example and role model to other cities in North America.] v. RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT MIX - [Note: Climate-forward policies could help attract younger residents who tend to uphold their value, also supporting the need for additional multi- family options to create more diversity in housing affordability and attract younger residents. Climate-forward policies could also help develop frameworks and guidance for new residential construction, also helping to address increasing concern about the trend and impact of so-called ‘teardowns’ on the community.”] vi. TRANSPORTATION OPTIONS - [Note: Transportation strategies of climate action planning could also help respond to the community’s interest in reducing dependency on automobiles by increasing walking, biking, and transit options that help residents feel connected to their community, and improve the overall quality of life. Climate action planning could help attract younger residents, since a diversity of transportation options is also highly preferred among younger residents.] vii. COMMERCIAL DEVELOPMENT MIX and LIVE AND WORK - [Note: Climate action planning could help increase the diversity of neighborhood node commercial development locations by appealing to start-up businesses that are likely more forward thinking on climate issues. More commercial neighborhood nodes can reduce energy use by reducing the length of travel required by automobile by residents, and mirror the unique and appealing experience of the 50th & France district at an appropriate scale in other locations across the city. Although the City of Edina has made great progress on these individual initiatives, the City needs a comprehensive Climate Action Plan to coalesce these initiatives with the additional initiatives that will be needed to enable it to achieve its current goals of reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 30 percent by the year 2025 and 80 percent by 2050 and certainly if the City adopts even more ambitious GHG reduction goals. [Source] Appendix D: List of Related Reports and Resources The Metropolitan Council’s Local Planning Handbook has a large collection of resources for cities to incorporate resilience into their comprehensive plans and other planning processes. [Source]