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HomeMy WebLinkAbout2018-08-22 Sanford Berman Correspondence (Retention Aug 2021)More ustification fqr creatifg the WHITE SUPREMACY su ect heading mmended 8-17-18. With warmest regards, Sanford Berman 4400 Morningside Roa Edina, MN 55416 952 925-5738 8-22-18 Policy & Standards Division Library of Congress Washington, DC 21 -4305 Dear Coll n ues, WEDNESDAY August 22, 2018 ► n JULIA WALL • News & Observer via Associated Press Protesters covered the "Silent Sam" statue with mud and dirt early Tuesday after they pulled it down in Chapel Hill, N.C. Racist speech inspires UNC students to topple Confederate monument By ANTONIA NO ORI FARZAN Washington Post In 1913, Julian Carr, a prom- inent industrialist and sup- porter of the Ku Klux Klan, was invited to speak at the unveil- ing of a statue of a Confeder- ate soldier on the campus of the University of North Caro- lina at Chapel Hill. It had been placed there by the Daughters of the Confederacy. Carr's lengthy address made clear the symbolism of the statue. First, he credited Confederate soldiers with s av- ing "the very life of the Anglo Saxon race in the South," add- ing, "today, as a consequence the purest strain of the Anglo Saxon is to be found in the 13 Southern States — Praise God." Then, he went on to tell a personal story. "I trust I may be pardoned for one allusion, howbeit it is rather personal," Carr said. "One hundred yards from where we stand, less than ninety days perhaps after my return from Appomattox, I horsewhipped a Negro wench until her skirts hung in shreds, because upon the streets of this quiet village she had publicly insulted and maligned a South- ern lady, and then rushed for protection to these University buildings where was stationed a garrison of 100 Federal sol- diers. I performed the pleas- ing duty in the immediate pres- ence of the entire garrison, and for 30 nights afterwards slept with a double-barrel shotgun under my head." On Monday night, when the statue that he had dedicated was pulled from its pedestal by a crowd ofprotesters, Carr's boastful reference to brutally beating a black woman wasn't far from mind. The rally began as a demonstration of solidar- ity with Maya Little, who was arrested in April after reading aloud from Carr's speech and covering the statue with red ink and her own blood. Little, a graduate student in history, faces charges of defacing a public monument, according to the Daily Tar Heel. Early Monday evening, student activists covered the statue — now known as "Silent Sam" — with gray fabric ban- ners. One read, "For a world without white supremacy." Another listed victims of racial violence, beginning with "Unnamed Black woman beaten by Julian Carr." Hours later, after darkness fell, those banners ended up providing cover for protest- ers. They tied ropes around the statue and toppled it to the ground, according to the Daily Tar Heel. Cheering and shouting, they began covering the statue with mud and dirt. Early Tuesday, the statue was hauled away in a dump truck In recent yeais, Carr's speech has been a galvanizing force for activists demanding the statue's removal. But it was largely forgotten until 2009, when Adam Domby, then a graduate student in history, came across it in the univer- sity's archives. Now an assistant profes- sor of history at the College of Charleston and the author of a forthcoming book titled "The False Cause: Fraud, Fab- rication, and White Suprem- acy in Confederate Memory," Domby said Monday night that the speech's blatant cel- ebration of white supremacy is noteworthy. "Carr made it explicitly clear that this was about the use of violence," he said. In 2011, Domby wrote a let- ter to the editor that was pub- lished in the Daily Tar Heel, quoting from Carr's speech in hopes of adding some his- torical context to the debate. Activists picked it tip and ran with it, he said, making the rac- ist language in the 1913 address a major issue in the campaign to remove the statue. Though Domby said he has largely stayed to the sidelines while UNC debates whether to remove the statue, he's also heard from people' who said that reading Carr's speech forced them to truly under- stand what the monument means. "There's a difference between history and celebra- tion," he said. "It's not like we're going to stop teaching the Civil War just because we don't have this monument." He added: "I can teach them in class about Jim Crow, but I need them to feel comfortable walking to my class." NT Apartheid White privilege /recommended 10-10-157 White supremacy move nationa BT Racism ith best Sanford Be 4400 Morningside oad Edina, MN 55416 952 925-5738 an 8-17-18 Policy & Standards Division Library of Congress Washington, DC 20540-4305 Dear Colleagues, Having lately read Ta-Nehisi Coates' We were eight years in power: an American tragedy (2017), I can confidently declare that it's overarching theme is "White supremacy." Based an that conclusion plus the enclosed documentation, including numerous assignment candidate citations, I recommend establishing a subject heading for WHITE SUPREMACY SN Here are entered materials on a doctrine espousing the cultural, political, and racial superiority of White people, as well as the policies that ensure the subordination of people of color to Whites. UF Supremacy, White White domination White hegemony white supremacy. A doctrine espousing the cultural, political, and "racial" superior- ity of white 'people over nonwhite people; also the policies that ensure the subordination of nonwhite to white people, and the social or legal enforce- ment of separation between the races. After the Civil War, southern policy that sought to maintain the political, eco- nomic, and social supremacy of white people over African Americans was known as white supremacy. Today, those identified as white supremacists not only hold racist views of African Americans; they are often antis emitic and nativist and in many instances anti-big govern- ment. Some also have ties to the militia movement. The meaning, or value, of the term 1 white supremacy varies greatly depend- ing on the speaker. For example, in the Black Power movement, it refers to the 1 oppressiveness of white domination (Malcolm X referred to the need for black people to liberate themselves from the "bonds of white supremacy"). For ;1 someone in the white supremacy 'move- d ment it is something to foster. In the 1 is 1960s, when integration was a major le- gal issue, some white people voiced their opposition to integration with slogans promoting white supremacy. Racist white groups often deny that they are white supremacists, accepting only the tem' separatist. White supremacist groups have recently been known col- lectively as the "white-right movement." "The white supremacist... was found Encyclopaadic Dictionary of Ethnic Bias in the United States guilty of murdering Medgar Evers more than three decades ago and immediately sentenced to life imprisonment" (Char- lotte Observer, 6 February 1994, 1). See also FOURTEEN WORDS, PROMAJOR- ITY, WHITE POWER STRUCTURE, WHITE SLAVE MASTER. Philip H. Herbst INTERCULTURAL PRESS INC. The Battle of Liberty Place monument in Louisiana was erected in 1891 by the white dominated New Orleans government. An inscription added in 1932 states that the 1876 US Presidential Election "recognized white supremacy in the South and gave us our state. It was removed in 2017 and placed in storage. WIKIPEDIA White supremacy White supremacy or white supremacism is a racist ideology based upon the belief that white people are superior in many ways to people of other races, and that therefore, white people should be dominant over other races. White supremacy has roots in scientific racism, and it often relies on pseudoscientific arguments. Like most similar movements such as neo-Nazism, white supremacists typically oppose members of other races as well as Jews. The term is also typically used to describe a political ideology that perpetuates and maintains the social, political, historical or institutional domination by white people (as evidenced by historical and contemporary sociopolitical structures such as the Atlantic slave trade, Jim Crow laws in the United States, and apartheid in South Africa) .111[21 Different forms of white supremacism put forth different conceptions of who is considered white, and different groups of white supremacists identify various racial and cultural groups as their primary enemy.m In academic usage, particularly in usage which draws on critical race theory, the term "white supremacy" can also refer to a political or socioeconomic system where white people enjoy a structural advantage (privilege) over other ethnic groups, on both a collective and individual level. Contents History of white supremacy United States Germany South Africa Zimbabwe/Rhodesia Russia Academic use of the term ideologies and movements See also References External links History of white supremacy White supremacy has ideological foundations that date back to 17th-century scientific racism, the predominant paradigm of human variation that helped shape international relations and racial policy from the latter part of the Age of Enlightenment until the late loth century (marked by decolonization and the abolition of apartheid in South Africa in 1991, followedby that country's first multiracial elections in 1994). United States White supremacy was dominant in the United States both before and after the American Civil War, and it persisted for decades after the Reconstruction. Era.(41 In the antebellum Soutb, this included the holding of African Americans in chattel slavery, with four million of them denied freedom (s1 The outbreak of the Civil War saw the desire to uphold white supremacy being cited as a cause for state secession(61 and the formation of the Confederate States of America .r/ In an editorial about Native Americans in 1890, author L. Frank Baum wrote: "The Whites, by law of conquest, by justice of civilization, are masters of the American continent, and the best safety of the frontier settlements will be secured by the total annihilation of the few remaining Indians.41 In some parts of the United States, many people who were considered non-white were disenfranchised, barred from government office, and prevented from holding most government jobs well into the second half of the loth century. Professor Leland T. Saito of the University of Southern California writes: "Throughout the history of the United States, race has been used by whites for legitimizing and creating difference and social, economic and political exclusion."M The Naturalization Act of 1790 limited U.S. citizenship to whites only.11°I The denial of social and political freedom for minorities continued into the mid-20th century, resulting in the civil rights movement 1113 Sociologist Stephen Klineberg has stated that U.S. immigration laws prior to 1965 clearly declared "that Northern Europeans are a superior subspecies of the white race" (121 The Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 opened entry to the U.S. to immigrants other than traditional Northern European and Germanic groups, and significantly altered the demographic mix in the U.S as a result P) Many U.S. states banned interracial marriage through anti-miscegenation laws until 1967, when these laws were invalidated by the Supreme Court of the United States' decision in Loving v, VirgLnig. These mid-century gains had a major impact on white Americans' political views; segregation and white racial superiority, which had been publicly endorsed in the 194os became minority views within the white community by the mid-1970s, and continued to decline into 199os polls to a single-digit percentage.E13104t For sociologist Howard Winant, these shifts marked the end of "monolithic white supremacy" in the United States .051 .e4 .iri•Wion 3ular ei*a *mita! .ceer ic nsmwrs kr aa zem v. *a** rm ninwnen uminr OW a .•V I" aina too a'tnti ran 1?.ennt.ian ram aria holo. itiftenftOntibeT • ro-i9e0TiAr7kkror &tie, • M31:0)i • : • I..") lwev..7+2.x.re. 211p.el tv Zobeoftraf -. I"... N. • areurit. . do azia7kitrienypt • • • :ter:: •-• Poster of the Nazi paper Der Starmer (1935) condemning relations between Jews and non- Jewish Germans After the mid-1960s, white supremacy remained an important ideology in the American far-rightE181 Howard Wmant writes that, "On the far right the cornerstone of white identity is belief in an ineluctable, unalterable racialized difference between whites and nonwhites:417i According to Kathleen Belew, a historian of race and racism in the United States, white militancy shifted after the Vietnam War from supporting the existing racial order to a more radical position—self-described as "white power" or "white nationalism"—committed to overthrowing the United States government and establishing a white homeland.1181119 White supremacist groups such as the EXEC, neo-Nazi organizations, the Christian Identity movement, and racist skinheads make up two of the three major strands of violent right-wing movements in the United States (the third is anti-government militia organizations) (201!211 Some academics argue that outcomes from the 2016 United States Presidential Election reflect ongoing challenges with white supremacy. Psychologist Janet Helms suggested that the norming behaviors of social institutions of education, government, and healthcare are organized around the "birthright of...the power to control society's resources and determine the rules for [those resources]".121Educators, literary theorists, and other political experts have raised similar questions, connecting the scapegoating of disenfranchised populations to white superiority52-4f2a1 Germany Nazism promoted the idea of a superior Germanippeople or Aryan race in Germany during the early loth century. Notions of white supremacy and Aryan racial superiority were combined in the 19th century, with white supremacists maintaining the belief that white people were members of an Aryan "master race" which was superior to other races, particularly the Jews, who were described as the "Semitic race", Slays, and Gypsies, which they associated with "cultural sterility". Arthur de Gobineau, a French racial theorist and aristocrat, blamed the fall of the ancient regime in France on racial degeneracy caused by racial intermixing, which he argued had destroyed the "purity" of the Nordic or Germanic race. Gobineau's theories, which attracted a strong following in Germany, emphasized the existence of an irreconcilable polarity between Aryan or Germanic peoples and Jewish culture 1241 As the Nazi Party's chief racial theorist, Alfred Rosenberg oversaw the construction of a human racial 'ladder" that justified Hitler's racial and ethnic_policies. Rosenberg promoted the Nordic theme, which regarded Nordics as the "master race", superior to all others, including other Aryans (Indo-Europeans)1253 Rosenberg gat the racial term qntermensch from the title of Klansman Lothrop Stoddard's 1922 book The Revolt Against Civilization: The Menace of the Under-man.1261 It was later adopted by the Nazis from that book's German version Der Kulturumsturz: Die Drohung des Untertnenschen (1925).1271 Rosenberg was the leading Nazi who attributed the concept of the East-European "under man" to Stoddard.1281An advocate of the U.S. immigration laws that favored Northern Europeans, Stoddard wrote primarily on the alleged dangers posed by "colored" peoples to white civilization, and wrote The Rising Tide of Color Against White World-Supremacy in 1920. In establishing a restrictive entry system for Germany in 1925, Hitler wrote of his admiration for America's immigration laws: "The American Union categorically refuses the immigration of physically unhealthy elements, and simply excludes the immigration of certain races."1291 German praise for America's institutional racism, previously found in Hitler's Mein Kampf, was continuous throughout the early 1930's, and Nazi lawyers were advocates of the use of American models.M Race-based U.S. citizenship and anti- miscegenation laws directly inspired the Nazi's two principal Nuremberg racial laws—the Citizenship Law and the Blood Law. 130] In order to preserve the Aryan or Nordic race the Nazis introduced the Nuremberg Laws in 1935, which forbade sexual relations and marriages between Germans and Jews, and later between Germans and Romani and Slays. The Nazis used the Mendelian inheritance theory to argue that social traits were innate, claiming that there was a racial nature associated with certain general traits such as inventiveness or criminal behavior.131 According to the 2012 annual report of Germany's interior intelligence service, the Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution, at the time there were 26,000 right-wing extremists living in Germany, including 6000 neo-Nazis 1321 South Africa A number of Southern African nations experienced severe racial tension and conflict during global decolonization, particularly as white Africans of European ancestry fought to protect their preferential social and political status. Racial segregation in South Africa began in colonial times under the Dutch Empire, and it continued when the British took over the cape of Good Hope in 1795. Apartheid was introduced as an officially structured policy by the Afrikaner-dominated National Party after the general election of 1.948. Apartheid's legislation divided inhabitants into four racial groups—"black", "white", "coloured", and "Indian", with coloured divided into several sub-classifications.1331 In 1970, the Afrikaner-run government abolished non-white political representation, and starting that year black pule were deprived of South African citizenship?) South Africa abolished apartheid in 1.991.)35)(381 Zimbabwe/Rhodesia In Rhodesia, a predominantly white government issued its own unilateral declaration of independence from the United Kingdom during an unsuccessful attempt to avoid immediate majority rule.137) Following the Rhodesian Bush War which was fought by African nationalists, Rhodesian prime minister Ian Smith acceded to biracial political representation in 1978 and the state achieved recognition from the United Kingdom as Zimbabwe in 1980.E381 Russia Neo-Nazi organisations embracing white supremacist ideology are present in many countries of the world. In 2007, it was claimed that Russian neo-Nazis accounted for "half of the world's total" 1391 Academic use of the term The term white supremacy is used in academic studies of racial power to denote a system of structural or societal racism which privileges white people over others, regardless of the presence or the absence of racial hatred. White racial advantages occur at both a collective and an individual level (ceteris paribus, i. e., when individuals are compared that do not relevantly differ except in ethnicity). Legal scholar Frances Lee Ansley explains this definition as follows: By "white supremacy" I do not mean to allude only to the self-conscious racism of white supremacist Irate groups. I refer instead to a political, economic and cultural system in which whites overwhelmingly control power and material resources, conscious and unconscious ideas of white 'superiority and entitlement are widespread, and relations of white dominance and non-white subordination are daily reenacted across a broad array of institutions and social settings .1"1") This and similar definitions have been adopted or proposed by Charles Mills,1421 bell hoolcs,(431 David Gfilborn,E441 Jessie Daniels,(451 and Neely Fuller Jr,1461 and they are widely used in critical race theory and intersectional feminism. Some anti-racist educators, such as Betita Martinez and the Challenging White Supremacy workshop, also use the term in this way. The term expresses historic continuities between a pre-civil rights movement era of open white supremacism and the current racial power structure of the United States. It also expresses the visceral impact of structural racism through "provocative and brutal" language that characterizes racism as "nefarious, global, systemic, and constant".(471 Academic users of the term sometimes prefer it to racism because it allows for a distinction to be drawn between racist feelings and white racial advantage or privilege (44(491501 The term's recent rise in popularity among leftist activists has been characterized by some as counterproductive. John McWhorter, a specialist in language and race relations, has described its use as straying from its commonly accepted meaning to encompass less extreme issues, thereby cheapening the term and potentially derailing productive discussion 1511(521(531 Political columnist Kevin Drum attributes the term's growing popularity to frequent use by Ta-Nehisi Coates, describing it as a "terrible fad" which fails to convey nuance. He claims that the term should be reserved for those who are trying to promote the idea that whites are inherently superior to blacks and not used to characterize less blatantly racist beliefs or actions.)541(551 The use of the academie definition of white supremacy has been criticized by Conor Friedersdorf for the confusion it creates for the general public inasmuch as it differs from the more common dictionary definition; he argues that it is likely to alienate those it hopes to convince.1551 Ideologies and movements Supporters of Nordicism consider the "Nordic peoples" to be a superior race.(55) By the early 19th century, white supremacy was attached to emerging theories of racial hierarchy. The German philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer attributed cultural primacy to the white race: The highest civilization and culture, apart from the ancient Hindus and Egyptians, are found exclusively among the white races; and even with many dark peoples, the ruling caste or race is fairer in colour than the rest and has, therefore, evidently immigrated, for example, the Brahmans, the Incas, and the rulers of the South Sea Islands. All this is due to the fact that necessity is the mother of invention because those tribes that emigrated early to the north, and there gradually became white, had to develop all their intellectual powers and invent and perfect all the arts in their struggle with need, want and misery, which in their many forms were brought about by the climate.1 The eugenicist Madison Grant argued in his 1916 book, The Passing of the Great Race, that the Nordic race had been responsible for most of humanity's great achievements, and that admixture was "race suicide".1581 In this book, Europeans who are not of Germanic origin but have Nordic characteristics such as blonde/red hair and blue/green/gray eyes, were considered to be a Nordic admixture and suitable for Aryanization.1591 In the United States, the Ku Klux Klan (KKK) is the group most associated with the white supremacist movement. Many white supremacist groups are based on the concept of preserving genetic purity, and do not focus solely on discrimination based on skin color.") The KKK's reasons for supporting racial segregation are not primarily based on religious ideals, but some Klan groups are openly Protestant. The KKK and other white supremacist groups like /,-an Nations, The Order and the White Patriot Party are considered antisemitic.(6°1 Members of the second Ku Klux Klan at a rally in 1923. The Good Citizen 1926, published by Pillar of Fire Church Nazi Germany promulgated white supremacy based on the belief that the Aryan race, or the Germans, were the master race. It was combined with a eugenics programme that aimed for racial hygiene through compulsory sterilization of sick individuals and extermination of Untermenschen ("subhuman"): Slays, Jews and Romani, which eventually culminated in the Holocaust[611162P311841t653 Christian Identity is another movement closely tied to white supremacy. Some white supremacists identify themselves as Odinists, although many Odinists reject white supremacy. Some white supremacist groups, such as the South African Boeremag, conflate elements of Christianity and Odiniqm. Creativity. (formerly known as "The World Church of the Creator") is atheistic and it denounces Christianity and other theistic religions.166"71 Aside from this, its ideology is similar to that of many Christian Identity groups because it believes in the antisemitic conspiracy theory that there is a "Jewish conspiracy" in control of governments, the banking industry and the media. Matthew F. Hale, founder of the World Church of the Creator, has published articles stating that all races other than white are "mud races", which is what the group's religion teaches.M1 The white supremacist ideology has become associated with a racist faction of the skinhead subculture, despite the fact that when the skinhead culture first developed in the United Kingdom in the late 196os, it was heavily influenced by black fashions and music, especially Jamaican reggae and alca, and African American soul music. [6131[69)170) White supremacist recruitment activities are primarily conducted at a grassroots level as well as on the Internet. Widespread access to the Internet has led to a dramatic increase in white supremacist websites.1711 The Internet provides a venue to openly express white supremacist ideas at little social cost, because people who post the information are able to remain anonymous. See also • Alt-right • Institutional racism • Superiority complex • Anti-miscegenation laws • Jim Crow laws • Frances Cress Welsing • Aryan Brotherhood • Master race • 'The White Man's Burden" (poem) • The Birth of a Nation (film) • Neo-Confederate • White power music • Eurocentrism • Race and intelligence • White nationalism • Hate group • Scientific racism • White nationalist organizations • Heroes of the Rely Cross (book) • White separatism References Notes 1. Wildman, Stephanie M. (1996). Privilege Revealed: How Invisible Preference Undermines America. NYU Press. p. 87. ISBN 0-8147-9303-7. 2. Helms, Janet (2016). "An election to save White Heterosexual Male Privilege". Latina/o Psychology Today. 3: 6-7. 3. Flint, Colin (2004). Spaces of Hate: Geographies of Discrimination and Intolerance in the U.S.A. Routledge. p. 53. ISBN 0-415-93586-5. "Although white racist activists must adopt a political identity of whiteness, the flimsy definition of whiteness in modern culture poses special challenges for them. In both mainstream and white supremacist discourse, to be white is to be distinct from those marked as non-white, yet the placement of the distinguishing line has varied significantly in different times and places." 4. Fredrickson, George (1981). White Supremacy. Oxford Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press. p. 162. ISBN 0-19-503042-7. 5. "How the end of slavery led to starvation and death for millions of black Americans" (https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/jun/16/slavery- starvation-civil-war). The Guardian. September 3, 2015. 6. A Declaration of the Causes which Impel the State of Texas to Secede from the Federal Union (hhtt_p://avalon.law.yale.edu/19th century/csa texsec.asp): "We hold as undeniable truths that the governments of the various States, and of the confederacy itself, were established exclusively by the white race, for themselves and their posterity; that the African race had no agency in their establishment; that they were rightfully held and regarded as an inferior and dependent race, and in that condition only could their existence in this country be rendered beneficial or tolerable. That in this free government all white men are and of right ought to be entitled to equal civil and political rights; that the servitude of the African race, as existing in these States, is mutually beneficial to both bond and free, and is abundantly authorized and justified by the experience of mankind, and the revealed will of the Almighty Creator, as recognized by all Christian nations; while the destruction of the existing relations between the two races, as advocated by our sectional enemies, would bring inevitable calamities upon both and desolation upon the fifteen slave-holding states." 7. The controversial "Cornerstone Speech", Alexander H. Stephens (Vice President of the Confederate States), March 21, 1861, Savannah, Georgia (bitp://teachingamericanhistory.org/library/index.asp?documelAprint=76): "Our new government is founded upon exactly the opposite idea; its foundations are laid, its cornerstone rests, upon the great truth that the negro is not equal to the white man; that slavery—subordination to the superior race—is his natural and normal condition." 8. "L. Frank Baum's Editorials on the Sioux Nation" 21. "U.S. sees 300 violent attacks inspired by far right every year" (https://web.archive,org/web/20071209193251/http://www.northern.edu/hastingn (https://www.pbs.org/newshour/show/u-s-sees-300-violent-attacks-inspired-far- Archived from the original (http://www.northem.edu/hastingw/baumedts.htm) right-every-year). PBS NewsHour. 2017-08-13. Retrieved 2018-08-11. on December 9, 2007. Retrieved 2007-12-09. Full text of both, with 22. "Cornel West on Donald Trump: This is What Neo-Fascism Looks Like" commentary by professor A. Waller Hastings (https://www.democracynow.org/2016/12/1/cornel west on donald trump this). 9. Leland T. Saito (1998). "Race and Politics: Asian Americans, Latinos, and Dec 1,2016. Whites in a Los Angeles Suburb". p. 154. University of Illinois Press 23. "Politics of Gender: Women, Men, and the 2016 Campaign" 10. Schultz, Jeffrey D. (2002). Encyclopedia of Minorities in American Politics: (https://www.theatlantic.com/live/events/the-politics-of-gender-2016/2016/). African Americans and Asian Americans (https://books.google.com/books? December 13, 2016. t0=INPV4PPK17r- 24. Blamires, Cyprian; Jackson, Paul. "World Fascism: A Historical Encyclopedia": sC&pg=PA284&dq=African+Americans+discriminatedi-by+Naturalization+Act+ol Volume 1. Santa Barbara, California, USA: ABC-CLIO, Inc, 2006. p, 62. p. 284. ISBN 9781573561488. Retrieved 2010-03-25. 25. Though Rosenberg does not use the word "master race". He uses the word 11. "50th Anniversary of the 1963 March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom "Herrenvolk" (i. e., ruling people) twice in his book The Myth, first referring to Panel Discussion at the Black Archives of Mid-America" the Amorites (saying that Sayce described them as fair skinned and blue eyed) (hftps://web.archive.org/web/20151004044615/http://www.archives.gov/kansas- and secondly quoting Victor WallaceGerrnaips' description of the English in city/press/2013/13-29.html). The U.S. National Archives and Records "The Truth about Kitchener". ("The Myth of the Twentieth Century") - Pages Administration. August 7, 2013. Archived from the original 26, 660 - 1930 (https://www.archives.gov/kansas-dty/press/2013/13-29.html) (press release) 26. Stoddard, Lothrop (1922). The Revolt Against Civilization: The Menace of the on October 4, 2015. Retrieved October 3, 2015. Under Man (https://archive.org/details/revoltagainstciv00stoduoft). New York: 12. Jennifer Ludden. "1965 immigration law changed face of America" Charles Scribner's Sons. (https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyld=5391395). NPR. 27. Losurdo, Domenico (2004). Translated by Marella & Jon Morris. 'Toward a 13. Schuman, Howard; Steeh, Charlotte; Bobo, Lawrence; Krysan, Maria (1997). Critique of the Category of Totalitarianism" Racial Attitudes in America: Trends and Interpretations. Harvard University (http://www.pssp.org/lobs/data/document/l/Losurdo Critique of Totalitarianisr Press. pp. 103ff. ISBN 978-0-674-74568-1. "The questions deal with most of (PDF, 0.2 MB). Historical Materialism. Brill. 12 (2): 25-55, here p. 50. the major racial issues that became focal in the middle of the twentieth do1:10.1163/1569206041551663 (https://doi.org/10.1163/1569206041551663). ecntury: integration of public accommodations, school integration, residential ISSN 1465-4466 (https://www.worldcat.orglissn/1465-4466). integration, and job discrimiantion [and] racial intermarriage and willingness to 28. Rosenberg, Alfred (1930). Der Mythus des 20. Jahrhunderts: Eine Wertung der vote for a black presidential candidate.... The trends that occur for most of the seelischgeistigen Gestaltungskampfe unserer Zeit principle items are quite similar and can be illustrated ...using attitudes toward (https://web.archive.org/web/20121104014921/http://www.scHbd.com/doc/26282; school integration as an example. The figure shows that there ha been a Mythus-des-20-Jahrhunderts-Alfred-Rosenberg) [The Myth of the Twentieth massive and continuing movement of the American public from overwhelming Century] (in German). Munich: Hoheneichen-Verlag. p. 214. Archived from the acceptance of the principle of segregated schooling in the early 1940s toward original (https://www.scribd.com/doc/2628285/Der-Mythus-des-20- acceptance of the principle of integrated schooling.... by 1985, more than nine Jahrhunderts-Alfred-Rosenberg) on 2012-11-04. out of ten chose the pro-integration response." 29. "American laws against 'coloreds' influenced Nazi racial planners" 14. Healey, Joseph F.; O'Brien, Eileen (2007-05-08). Race, Ethnicity, and Gender. (http://www.timesoilsrael.com/american-laws-against-colo.reds-influenced-nazi- Selected Readings. Pine Forge Press. ISBN 978-1-4129-4107-5. "In 1942 only racial planners/). Times of Israel. Retrieved August 26, 2017 42 percent of a national sample of whites reported that they believed blacks to be equal to whites in innate intelligence; since the late 1950s, however, around 30. Whitman, James Q. (2017). Hitler's American Model: The United States and the Making of Nazi Race Law. Princeton University Press. pp. 37-43. 80 percent of white Americans have rejected the idea of inherent black inferiority." 31. Henry Friedlander. The Origins of Nazi Genocide: From Euthanasia to the Final Solution. Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA: University of North Carolina 15. Winant, Howard (1997). "Behind Blue Eyes: Whiteness and Contemporary US Racial Politics". New Left Review (225): 73. "white racial attitudes shifted Press, 1995. p. 5. dramatically in the postwar period.... So, monolithic white supremacy is over, 32. "Bundesamt fur Verfassungsschutz - Verfassungsschutzbericht 2012" yet in a more concealed way, white power and privilege live on." line feed tittps://web.archive.org/web/20150321183652/http://www.verfassungsschutz.de/ character in I quote= at position 134 (help) 2012). Archived from the original 16. Berlet, Chip; Lyons, Matthew N. (2018-03-08). Right-Wing Populism in (http://www.verfassungsschutz.de/de/oeffentlichkeitsarbeit/publikationen/verfasst America: Too Close for Comfort. Guilford Publications. ISBN 978-1-4625- 2012) on 2015-03-21. 3760-0. "While the New Right and Christian Right flourished in the 1970s and 33. Baldwin-Ragaven, Laurel; London, Lesley; du Gruchy, Jeanette (1999). An 1980s, the Far Right also rebounded... The Far Right-encompassing Ku Klux ambulance of the wrong colour: health professionals, human rights, and ethics Klan, neonazi, and related organizations-attracted a much smaller following in South Africa. Juta and Company Limited. p. 18 than the New Right, but its influence reverberated in its encouragement of 34. John Pilger (2011). "Freedom Next Time". p. 266. Random House widespread attacks against members of oppressed groups and in broad-based 35. "abolition of the White Australia Policy" (http://www.immi.gov.au/media/fact- scapegoating campaigns" sheets/08abolition.htm). Australian Government. November 2010. Retrieved 17. Winant, Howard (1997). "Behind Blue Eyes: Whiteness and Contemporary US October 13, 2011. Racial Politics". New Left Review (225): 73. 36. "Encyclopaedia Britannica, South Africa the Apartheid Years" 18. Belew, Kathleen (2018). Bring the war home: The white power movement and (http://www.britannica.corn/EBchecked/topic/555568/South-Africa/259494/The- paramilitary America. ISBN 978-0-674-28607-8. "The white power movement apartheid-years). Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved October 13, 2011. that emerged from the Vietnam era shared some common attributes with 37. Gann, L.H. Politics and Government in African States 1960-1985. pp. 162 earlier racist movements in the United States, but it was no mere echo. Unlike -202. previous iterations of the Ku Klux Klan and white supremacist vigilantism, the white power movement did not claim to serve the state. Instead, white power 38. Nelson, Harold. Zimbabwe: A Country Study. pp. 1-317. 39. "Violence 'in the Name of the Nation' (http://abcnews.go.com/Nightline/story? id=3718255&page=1#.UCDbiaA4Sul)." ABC News. October 11, 2007. 40. Ansley, Frances Lee (1989). "Stirring the Ashes: Race, Class and the Future of Supremacy?" (https://www.thenation.com/article/declaration-of-war/). The Civil Rights Scholarship". Cornell Law Review. 74: 993ff. Nation. ISSN 0027-8378 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0027-8378). Retrieved 41. Ansley, Frances Lee (1997-06-29). "White supremacy (and what we should do 2018-08-11. about it)". In Richard Delgado; Jean Stefancic. Critical white studies: Looking 20. Perliger, Arie (2012). Challengers from the Sidelines: Understanding America's behind the mirror. Temple University Press. p. 592. ISBN 978-1-56639-532-8. Violent Far-Right. West Point, NY: Combatting Terrorism Center, US Military 42. Mills, C.W. (2003). "White supremacy as sociopolitical system: A philosophical Academy. perspective". White out: the continuing significance of racism: 35-48. made the state its target, declaring war against the federal government in 1983." 19. Blanchfield, Patrick (June 20, 2018). "How Did Vietnam Transform White 43. Hooks, Bell (2000). Feminist theory: From margin to center. Pluto Press. 58. ISBN 978-0-7453-1663-5. 44. Gillborn, David (2006-09-01). "Rethinking White Supremacy Who Counts in 'VVhiteWorld'"Shttp://etn.sagepub.com/content/6/3/318). Ethnicities. 6 (3): 318 59. -40. doi:10.1177/1468796806068323 (https://doi.org/10.1177/146879680606832). ISSN 1468-7968 (https://www.worldcatorglissn/1468-'7968). Retrieved 2012-03-14. 45. Daniels, Jessie (1997). White Lies: race, class, gender and sexuality in white supremacist discourse. Routledge. ISBN 9780415912891. 46. Fuller, Neely (1984). The united-independent compensatory code/system/concept: A textbook/workbook for thought, speech, and/or action, for victims of racism (white supremacy). SAGE. p. 334. ASIN B0007BLCWC (https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0007BLCWC). 47. Davidson, Tim (2009-02-23). "bell hooks, white supremacy, and the academy". In Jeanette Davidson; George Yancy. Critical perspectives on Bell Hooks. Taylor & Francis US. p. 68. ISBN 978-0-415-98980-0. 48. "Why is it so difficult for many white folks to understand that racism is oppressive not because white folks have prejudicial feelings about blacks (they could have such feelings and leave us alone) but because it is a system that promotes domination and subjugation?" hooks, bell (2009-02-04). Black Looks: Race and Representation. Turnaround Publisher Services Limited. p. 12. ISBN 978-1-873262-02-3, 49. Grillo and Wildman cite hooks to argue for the term racism/white supremacy "hooks writes that liberal whites do not see themselves as either prejudiced or interested in domination through coercion, and they do not acknowledge the ways in which they contribute to and benefit from the system of white privilege." Grillo, Trina; Stephanie M. Wildman (1997-06-29). "The implications of making comparisons between racism and sexism (or other isms)". In Richard Delgado; Jean Stefancic. Critical white studies: Looking behind the mirror. Temple University Press. p. 620.1SBN 978-1-56639-532-8. 50. Pollock, Nicolas; Myszkowski, Sophia. "Hate Groups Are Growing Under Trump" (https://www.theatlantic.com/video/index/536793/hate-groups-are- growing-under-trump/). The Atlantic. Retrieved 28 April 2018. 51. "Left Language, Right Language" (http://www.wnyc.org/story/left-language- right-lartguage/). Retrieved 3 December 2016. 52. McWhorter, John. "The Difference Between Racial Bias and White Supremacy" (htp://time.com/4584161/white7suprernacyl). TIME. Retrieved 3 December 2016. 53. "An Interview with John McWhorter about Politics and Protest" (https://heterodoxacademy.org/2017/12/14/an-interview-with-john-mcwhorter/). HeterodoxAcademy.org. 2017-12-14. Retrieved 2017-12-15. 54. "Let's Be Careful With the "White Supremacy" Label" (https://www.motherjones com/kevin-drum/2016/11/lets-please-kill-white- supremacy-faq. Mother Jones. Retrieved 4 December 2016. 55. Friedersdorf, Conor. "'The Scourge of the Left': Too Much Stigma, Not Enough Persuasion" (https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2016/11/the-scourge- of-the-left-too-much-stigma-nOt-enough-persuasion/508961D. The Atlantic. Retrieved 2016-12-04. 56. "Nordicism" (http://www.meniam-webster.com/dictionary/nordicism). Merriam Webster. 57. Schopenhauer, Arthur (1851). Parerga and Paralipomena. pp. Vol. 2, Section 92. Grant, Madison (1921). The Passing of the Great Race (https://archive.org/strearn/passingofgreatra0Ogranuoft/passingofgreatra0Ograntl (4 ed.). C. Scribner's sons. p. xxxi. Grant, Madison (1916). The Passing of the Great Race. Charles Scribner's Sons, New York. 60. http://law.jrank.org/pages/11302/White-Supremacy-Groups.html White Supremacy Groups 61. Gumkowski, Janusz; Leszczynski, Kazimierz; Robert, Edward (translator) (1961). Hitler's Plans for Eastern Europe (PAPERBACK). Poland Under Nazi Occupation (First ed.) (Polonia Pub. House). p. 219. ASIN B0006BXJZ6. Retrieved March 12, 2014. at Wayback machine. 62. Peter Lorigarich (15 April 2010). Holocaust: The Nazi Persecution and Murder of the Jews. Oxford University Press. p. 30. ISBN 978-0-19-280436-5. 63. "Close-up of Richard Jenne, the last child killed by the head nurse at the Kaufbeuren-Irsee euthanasia facility" (http://digitalassets.ushmm.org/photoarchives/detalLaspx? id=10049&search=EUTHANASIA+%28PATIENTS%2FVICTIMS%29&index=25). United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Retrieved July 29, 2011. 64. Ian Kershaw, Hitler: A Profile in Power, Chapter VI, first section (London, 1991, rev. 2001) 65. Snyder, S. & D. Mitchell. Cultural Locations of Disability. University of Michigan Press. 2006. 66. The new white nationalism in America: its challenge to integration (https://books.google.com/books? id=HB1wyFPRGm4C8ipg=PA23&deatheism+white+supremacyffv=onepage&q= Cambridge University Press. 2002-06-10. ISBN 9780521808866. Retrieved 2011-03-27. "For instance, Ben Klassen, founder of the atheistic Church of the Creator and author of The White Man's Bible, discusses Christianity extensively in his writings and denounces it as a religion that has brought untold horror into the world and has divided the white race." 67. The World's Religions: Continuities and Transformations (https://books.google.com/books? id=rBgn3xB75ZcC&pg=PA493&dq=competing+atheistic+white+racist+movemerr Taylor & Francis. 2009-05-07. ISBN 9781135211004. Retrieved 2011-03-27. "A competing atheistic or panthestic white racist movement also appeared, which included the Church of the Creator/ Creativity (Gardell 2003: 129-34)." 68. "Smiling Smash: An Interview with Cathal Smyth, a.k.a. Chas Smash, of Madness" (https://web.archive.org/web/20010219175613/hfip://ska.aboutcom/musicperforr Archived from the original (httpillska.about.corn/musicpefform/skaffibrary/1999/aa081699a.htrn) on February 19, 2001. Retrieved 2001-02-19.. 69. Special Articles (http://www.reggaereggaereggae.com/Special%20Articles.htin) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/200812170001271http://www.reggaeraggaereggae,i 2008-12-17 at the Wayback Machine.. 70. Old Skool Jim. Trojan Skinhead Reggae Box Set liner notes. London: Trojan Records. TJETD169. 71. 1Adams, Josh; Roscigno, Vincent J. (20 November 2009). "White Supremacists, Oppositional Culture and the World Wide Web". University on North Carolina Press 84 (2005): 759-88. JSTOR 3598477 (https://www.jstor.org/stable/3598477). Further reading • Dobratz, Betty A. and Shanks-Meile, Stephanie (2000) 'White Power, White Pricier: The White Separatist Movement in the United States. Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 978-0-8018-6537-4 • MacCann, Donnarae (2000) White Supremacy in Children's Literature: Characterizations of African Americans, 1830-1900 (https://books.google.com/books? id=xj_T3QCgNgsC&printsefrontcover&dq=%22VVhite+supremacy%22+juvenile). New York: Routledge. ISBN 9780415928908 • Rockwell, George Lincoln (1996) White Power. John McLaughlin. ISBN 9780965649285 External links • "Heart of Whiteness" (https://www.docsonline.tv/documentary/heart-of-whiteness)-A documentary film about what it means to be white in South Africa • "Voices on Antisemitism" (https://www.ushmm.org/confront-antisemitisrn/antisemitisrn-podcast/frank-meeink)-Interview with Frank Meeink from the U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum • "Russell Moore: White supremacy angers Jesus, but does it anger his church?" the president of the Ethics & Religious Liberty Commission of the Southern Baptist Convention. (https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/acts-of-faith/wp/2017/08/14/russell-moore-white-supremacy-angers-jesus-but-does-it-anger-his-church0 lig, Maw 'a G - _ ,'white supremacy" All News Images Videos Books More Settings Tools About 1,270,000 results (0A4 seconds) White Supremacy: A Comparative Study of American and South African ... https://b ooks.googl e.com/books?isbn=0195030427 George M. Fredrickson - 1982 - Preview - More editions A comparative history of race relations in the U.S. and South Africa seeks to explain the different paths each nation followed White Supremacy and Racism in the Post-civil Rights Era https://books.google.com/books?isbn=1588260321 Eduardo Bonilla-Silva - 2001 - Preview- More editions Assessing the major perspectives that social analysts have relied on to explain race and R, racial relations, Bonilla-Silva labels the post-civil rights ideology as color-blind racism: a system of social arrangements that maintain white ... White Man Falling: Race, Gender, and White Supremacy Fii https://books.google.com/books?isbn=1461647029 ii Abby L. Ferber - 1999 - Preview - More editions Ferber's provocative critique examines white supremacists' firm belief that white men are / becoming victims and the repercussions of their attempts to assert white male power. . Managing White Supremacy: Race, Politics, and Citizenship in Jim ... https://books.google.com/books?isbn=0807862266 J. Douglas Smith - 2003 - Preview - More editions Tracing the erosion of white elite paternalism in Jim Crow Virginia, Douglas Smith reveals a surprising fluidity in southern racial politics in the decades between World War I and the Supreme Court's 1954 Brown v. White Supremacy: Behind the Eyes of Hate h ttps ://boo ks.goog le. com/books?isbn=1412023548 Kelly Roberts, Michael Reid, Ill - 2004 - Preview - More editions For some, this is not an option. This book is the true-life story of one man who sets out on a mission to destroy the footholds of evil within his community. You will walk step-by-step through the entire suspenseful joumey. The Sin of White Supremacy: Christianity, Racism, & Religious ... https://books.google.com/books?isbn=1608337022 Fletcher Hill, Jeannine - 2017 - Preview - More editions How Christian supremacy gave birth to white supremacy — The witchcraft of white / supremacy — When words create worlds — The symbolic capital of New Testament love The cruciform Christ — Christian love in a weighted world State of White Supremacy: Racism, Governance, and the United States https://books.google.com/books?isbn=0804777446 5T412 Moon-Kie Jung, Jo6o H. Costa Vargas, Eduardo Bonilla-Silva - 2011 - Preview - More editions The essays in this book incisively probe and critique the U.S. racial state through a broad range of topics, including citizenship, education, empire, gender, genocide, geography, incarceration, Islamophobia, migration and border ... Mothers of Massive Resistance: White Women and the Politics of White ... https://books.google.com/books?isbn=019027171X Elizabeth Gillespie McRae - 2018 - Preview - More editions Introduction: Segregation's constant gardeners — Massive support for segregation, 1920- 1942 — The color line in Virginia: the home grown production of white supremacy — Citizenship education for a segregated nation — Campaigning for a ... Ben Tillman and the Reconstruction of White Supremacy https://books.google.com/books?isbn=1469625555 Stephen Kantrowitz - 2015 - Preview- More editions Through the life of Benjamin Ryan Tillman (1847-1918), South Carolina's self-styled agrarian rebel, this book traces the history of white male supremacy and its discontents from the era of plantation slavery to the age of Jim Crow. The Burden of White Supremacy: Containing Asian Migration in the ... https://books.google.com/books?isbn=1469630281 Sign in Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.orgiwiindex.plip?title=White supremacy&oldid=854630413" This page was last edited on 12 August 2018, at 19:00 (UTC). Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy PoLa. Wildpedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization. David C. Atkinson - 2016 - Preview - More editions Arguing that the so-called white man's burden was often white supremacy itself, Atkinson demonstrates how the tenets of absolute exclusion—meant to foster white racial, political, and economic supremacy—only inflamed dangerous tensions ... 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next Help Send feedback Privacy Terms Leila Awadallah is an emerging Palestinian-American dancer and choreographer based in the Twin Cities. Her creative work builds "connectivity with ancestry as it lives in the body's cellular memory!' GOSEEDO FRIDAY 8/3 & SATURDAY 8/4, Ely Dance 8/16-18, Vernacular Dance Reflections on Water is a multimedia dance production using photos, videos, poetry, and live music. The story, Which features new music composed for the production, begins with birth in the bog 'and ends with swimming to the other side of life. $10. 7pm. Vermilion Community College Fine Arts Theater, 1900 East Camp Street, Ely. Details: mols on727 @ gmail. corn, @watereflect The Rhythmically Speaking 10/2018 performance marks ten years of original works by artists who have been inspired by vernacular dance — developed organically through everyday culture. Dancers include Laura Selle-Virtucio, Leila Awadallah, Melissa Clark, Karla Grotting, Jolene Konkel, and Emma Marlar. Artistic Director Erinn Liebhard will present a new work. 7:30pni, with additional 2pm performance on Aug. 18. The Southern Theater, 1420 Washington Ave. S., ‘Mpls. Details: rhythmicallyspeakingdance.org 8/16 to 10/7, Racism and Housing 8116-10/7, A Picnic Operetta Inspired by Mining Mixed Precipitation Theater Company presents "Dr. Falstaff and the Working Wives of Lake County: A Picnic Operetta." The show is directed by Kym Longhi, and sets a Shakespeare comedy alongside contemporary questions about industry, job creation, and the environmental impact of capitalism. A small town on Lake Superior is in trouble when a taconite plant goes bust, but three working wives "show the men in town who's the boss" Suggested donation $10 and up. Features sweet and savory bites of Minnesota harvest. Various locations and times around the state. Details: 800-838-3006, mixedprecipitation.org "Owning Up: Racism and Housing in Minneapolis" is an exhibit that demonstrates the lasting effects of structural discrimination and aims to counter the enduring idea of Minneapolis as a model metropolis. The exhibit is part of "Racism, Rent and Real Estate: Fair Housing Reframed:' a series of local events in the Twin Cities marking the 50th anniversary of the Fair Housing Act. Opening reception Aug. 23, 6-8pm, free with Museum admission. RSVP and details: 612-870-1329, hennepinhistory.org 30 I Minnesot4 Women's Press I womenspress.corn I August 2018 - -