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HomeMy WebLinkAbout2018-09-13 EEC Meeting PacketAgenda Energy and Environment Commission City Of Edina, Minnesota City Hall Community Room Thursday, September 13, 2018 7:00 PM I.Call To Order II.Roll Call III.Approval Of Meeting Agenda IV.Approval Of Meeting Minutes A.Minutes: Energy and Environment Commission August 8, 2018 V.Special Recognitions And Presentations A.Welcome new EEC Commissioner B.State of the Infrastructure, Ross Bintner C.Street Sweeping Report VI.Community Comment During "Community Comment," the Board/Commission will invite residents to share relevant issues or concerns. Individuals must limit their comments to three minutes. The Chair may limit the number of speakers on the same issue in the interest of time and topic. Generally speaking, items that are elsewhere on tonight's agenda may not be addressed during Community Comment. Individuals should not expect the Chair or Board/Commission Members to respond to their comments tonight. Instead, the Board/Commission might refer the matter to sta% for consideration at a future meeting. VII.Reports/Recommendations A.Energy and Environment Comprehensive Plan B.2019 Work Plan Discussion VIII.Correspondence And Petitions A.Working Group Minutes IX.Chair And Member Comments X.Sta1 Comments A.Open Streets and EV Ride and Drive XI.Calendar Of Events A.EEC Meeting Schedule and Roster List XII.Adjournment The City of Edina wants all residents to be comfortable being part of the public process. If you need assistance in the way of hearing ampli4cation, an interpreter, large-print documents or something else, please call 952-927-8861 72 hours in advance of the meeting. Date: September 13, 2018 Agenda Item #: IV.A. To:Energy and Environment Commission Item Type: Minutes From:Casey Casella, City Management Fellow Item Activity: Subject:Minutes: Energy and Environment Commission August 8, 2018 Information CITY OF EDINA 4801 West 50th Street Edina, MN 55424 www.edinamn.gov ACTION REQUESTED: Motion to approve the August 8, 2018 Minutes for the Energy and Environment Commission. INTRODUCTION: Receive the Energy and Environment Commission Minutes of August 8, 2018. ATTACHMENTS: Description Minutes of Aug 8, 2018 Draft Minutes☒ Approved Minutes☐ Approved Date: Minutes City Of Edina, Minnesota Energy and Environment Commission Edina City Hall Community Room Thursday, Aug 9, 2018, 7:00 PM I. Call To Order Chair Jackson called the meeting to order at 6:59p.m. II. Roll Call Answering Roll Call were Chair Jackson, Commissioners Horan, Hussian, Manser, Seeley, Lanzas, Glahn and Fernands Late: Hoffman, Satterlee Absent: Kostuch Staff Present: Liaison Brown, Casey Casella III. Approval Of Meeting Agenda Seely made a motion to approve the August 9, 2018 meeting agenda. Horan seconded. All voted aye. Motion carried. IV. Approval Of Meeting Minutes A. Minutes: Energy and Environment Commission July 12, 2018 Motion made by Horan to approve the July 12, 2018 minutes. Motion seconded by Glahn. All vote aye. Motion carried. V. Special Recognitions and Presentations B. Energy Benchmarking, Leah Hiniker Leah Hiniker from Hennepin County gave a presentation about the County’s Building Energy Benchmarking Collaborative. The County runs the program for cities in Hennepin County to provide resources for building benchmarking. The presentation included an explanation of building benchmarking, current work of Hennepin County, and benefits of energy benchmarking. Ms. Hiniker also presented data on Edina’s building data and estimates for potential savings if benchmarking was implemented. Ms. Hiniker stated the primary goal for the city is to pass an ordinance for building benchmarking. Ms. Hiniker also provided a handout on the County Collaborative. Commissioner Satterlee arrived late at 7:06PM Commissioner Hoffman arrived late at 7:30PM VI. Community Comment Draft Minutes☒ Approved Minutes☐ Approved Date: Jim Hornson, resident. Introduced himself and expressed his interested in the commission and energy in general. The Commission welcomed him. VII. Reports/Recommendation A. Partners in Energy Closeout Report Staff Liaison Brown presented a draft of the Advisory Communication Report to the City Council about the Partners in Energy (PiE) closeout. The Commission provided feedback and on the report and accompanying presentation. There was discussion on whether the facilities benchmarking should be in energy usage or GHG emissions. It was decided to use both. The Commission agreed to update the recommendation of the City’s goals to include both GHG and electricity (gas and electricity, not water) usage. B. Business Recognition Advisory Communication Commissioner Horan introduced her recommendation to implement a Business Recognition Program. Staff Liaison Brown advised the Commission that Commissioner Horan’s report and an accompanying staff report will go to Council as an Advisory Communication. C. 2019 Work Plan Discussion The Commission brainstormed ideas for their 2019 work plan. Items that were discussed were: • Set a timeline and parameters for the Climate Action Plan o It was noted these plans take 6-9 months and a significant budget piece o Commission discussed pushing this goal to next year to complete the plan • Discussed staff driven actions, such as street sweeping and tree ordinance • Green building policy • Business recognition program • Organics • Education and outreach event One topic that was not on the list was water optimization. It was mentioned this was a larger outreach project that the commission may not have the capacity to complete. The topics of pollinator ordinance and EV charging station plan were removed from the proposed Commission’s 2019 work plan. The Commission completed a draft of their 2019 work plan. The Commission will approve the final draft at the September EEC meeting. VIII. Correspondence And Petitions A. Working Group Minutes • Minutes received from the City Energy and Efficiency & Conservation Sub-Committee Working Group July 10, 2018 meeting. • Minutes received from the Education and Outreach Working Group June 7, 2018 meeting. Draft Minutes☒ Approved Minutes☐ Approved Date: IX. Chair And Member Comments A. Residential Organics Recycling Commissioner Seely provided a report out of her presentation to City Council on Residential Organics Recycling last month. Commissioner Manser mentioned there was an article in the Sun Current about the report, featuring EEC Commissioners. Commissioners will send their ideas for the RFP of Organics Recycling to Tara by the end of August. B. Working Group and Subcommittee Review Commissioners reviewed the Working Group list. Commissioner Glahn made a motion to disband the Water Quality Working Group and transition them into a volunteer group. Manser seconds. All voted aye. Motion carries. Motion made by Seeley to remove Joanna and Commissioner Satterlee from the Recycling Solid Working Group. Horan seconded. All voted aye. Motion carries. X. Staff Comments A. Drinking Water is Safe Staff Liaison Brown stated the Commissioners should read their email regarding communication about drinking water in Edina. The communication states the drinking water is safe. B. Eco Fair at State Fair Commissioner Lanzas, Seeley, and Chair Jackson volunteered to represent the EEC at the State Fair’s eco booth on August 30, 2018. C. Open Streets and EV ride and Drive Staff Liaison Brown provided an overview of the Open streets event on September 23, 2018. D. CEF Solar on Public Works Installation Staff Liaison Brown announced the Public Works Solar Garden will have a ribbon cutting event on October 1, 2018. E. Green Fleet Final Report Staff Liaison Brown provided a summary of the Green Fleet Report written by Green Corps member Mehjabeen Rahman. The report was presented to the City Council in August. F. EV Report from U of M Grad Students Staff Liaison Brown previewed a report provided to the City of Edina by Humphrey School of Public Affairs graduate students regarding Electric Vehicles. XII. Adjournment Draft Minutes☒ Approved Minutes☐ Approved Date: Motion made by Glahn to adjourn the August 9, 2018 meeting at 9:02 p.m. Motion seconded by Manser. Motion carried. Respectfully submitted, Casey Casella City Management Fellow Date: September 13, 2018 Agenda Item #: V.A. To:Energy and Environment Commission Item Type: From:Carolyn Jackson, Chair Item Activity: Subject:Welcome new EEC Commissioner CITY OF EDINA 4801 West 50th Street Edina, MN 55424 www.edinamn.gov ACTION REQUESTED: INTRODUCTION: Chloe Maynor is the new student commissioner joining the EEC. P lease welcome her. Date: September 13, 2018 Agenda Item #: V.B. To:Energy and Environment Commission Item Type: From:Ross Bintner, Engineering Services Manager Item Activity: Subject:State of the Infrastructure, Ross Bintner CITY OF EDINA 4801 West 50th Street Edina, MN 55424 www.edinamn.gov ACTION REQUESTED: INTRODUCTION: Engineering Services Manager, Ross Bintner, will share the annual state of the infrastructure report. Date: September 13, 2018 Agenda Item #: V.C. To:Energy and Environment Commission Item Type: Report and Recommendation From: Item Activity: Subject:Street Sweeping Report Information CITY OF EDINA 4801 West 50th Street Edina, MN 55424 www.edinamn.gov ACTION REQUESTED: INTRODUCTION: Attached is the street sweeping report Ross Bintner presented in 2015. He will not re-present the report due to length of the agenda and time. But, he will answer questions the EEC has. ATTACHMENTS: Description 2015 Street Sweeping presentation to EEC Edina Street Sweeping Plan Emmons & Olivier Resources, Inc. w a t e r I e c o l o g y I c o m m u n i t y City of Edina, MN EEC Meeting, July 9, 2015 City of Edina, MN Street Sweeping Management Plan Prepared by Emmons and Olivier Resources, Inc., July 2015 Historic Street Sweeping Plan Why Street Sweeping? Source Control Makes Sense Can Street Sweeping Make a Difference? The Influence of Vegetation on Solids and Nutrients Recovered from Streets LOW Canopy MEDIUM Canopy HIGH Canopy 1 X, 2X,4X/month 1 X, 2X,4X/month 1 X, 2X,4X/month Can Street Sweeping Make a Difference? (Prior Lake background) Sweeping Management Plan Overview Methods: Estimating Pollutant Recovery 1) Identify priority waters Sweeping Management Plan Overview Methods: Estimating Pollutant Recovery Current Practices Estimated Recovery in Minnehaha Creek Drainage Area: 56 lb-TP/yr Estimated Recovery in Ninemile Creek Drainage Area:129 lb-TP/yr 1) Identify priority waters 2) Identify streets that drain to each priority water 3) Use the U of MN planning calculator tool to estimate solids and phosphorus recovery for different sweeping scenarios: a)Baseline (2 X per year) b)Monthly (7 sweeps/yr) c)Bi-weekly (14 sweeps/yr) 4) Apply discounts for sweeper type Sweeping Management Plan Overview Methods: Estimating Pollutant Reductions Current Practices Estimated TP Reduction to Minnehaha Creek: 48 lb-TP/yr Estimated TP Reduction to Ninemile Creek: 66 lb-TP/yr Sweeping Management Plan Overview Methods: Cost Benefit Analysis Category Cost Basis Sweeper Mechanical Broom $18,200 -vehicle depreciation $3,700 -vehicle maintenance Higher Efficiency $23,700 -vehicle depreciation $4,800 -vehicle maintenance Labor (wages + benefits)$75/hr Diesel Fuel $3/gal Sweeper Type Cost ($/Curb-mile) Baseline Monthly + Mechanical Broom $56.50 $34 Higher Efficiency $66 $37 Cost-Efficiency ($/lb) = (Miles swept x $ per mile) Total Phosphorus Recovered Sweeping Management Plan Overview Load Recovery Estimates 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 LakePamelaMelodyLakeArrowheadLakeLakeCorneliaHawkesLakeHighlandLakeIndianheadLakeLake EdinaMirrorLakeMud LakePhosphorus Recovery (lb/year)Baseline Monthly Monthly, Sweeper Upgrade Bi-weekly, Sweeper Upgrade Sweeper Upgrade = +29% to + 47% Monthly, Upgrade = +186% to + 226% (over baseline) Bi-weekly, Upgrade = +323% to + 445% Sweeping Management Plan Overview Load Reduction Estimates 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 Lake PamelaMelody LakeArrowheadLakeLake CorneliaHawkes LakeHighlandLakeIndianheadLakeLake EdinaMirror LakeMud LakePhosphorus Reduction (lb/year)Baseline Monthly Monthly, Sweeper Upgrade Bi-weekly, Sweeper Upgrade (Load Recovery) Few/No BMPs intercept stormwater Sweeping Management Plan Overview Cost Efficiency Results 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 0 50,000 100,000 150,000 200,000Cost Efficiency ($/lb-P)Total Cost ($) Higher Efficiency Regenerative Air Sweeping Management Plan Overview Recommendations •Upgrade street sweeper to high-efficiency type. ➢24% Greater cost-efficiency ➢Increase pollutant recovery by 25% -50%. •Increase sweeping frequency to monthly (snow-free season). ➢Increase pollutant recovery 200% for TP, 250% for TS. ➢Utilize lowered from about $59/curb-mile to about $35/curb-mile ➢Optimize Cost-efficiency of pollutant recovery: $152/lb-P compared to baseline: $179/lb-P (high efficiency) or $205/lb-P (mechanical) •Consider additional sweeping in high priority watersheds. ➢Key for priority waters with few/no BMPs intercepting stormwater. ➢Relatively inexpensive compared to structural BMPs. Questions? Kevin Biehn, ASLA, CPESC, LEED AP 6 5 1 . 7 7 0 . 8 4 4 8 / w w w . e o r i n c . c o m Thank you     Edina Street Sweeping Management Plan  July, 2014                            i  [Page intentionally left blank]         ii    Table of Contents   Table of Contents .......................................................................................................................................... ii  Table of Tables ............................................................................................................................................. iv  Table of Figures ............................................................................................................................................. v  Executive Summary ....................................................................................................................................... 1  1. Purpose ................................................................................................................................................. 3  2. Background ........................................................................................................................................... 3  3. Water Resources ................................................................................................................................... 4  3.1. City of Edina Lake and Pond Amendment to the Comprehensive Water Resources  Management Plan (CWRMP) .................................................................................................................... 4  3.2. Impaired Waters and TMDLs ........................................................................................................ 6  4. Stormwater Management Goals ........................................................................................................... 7  4.1. Non‐degradation Policies .............................................................................................................. 7  4.2. Minnehaha Creek Watershed District (MCWD) ........................................................................ 7  4.3. Good Housekeeping/Maintenance ............................................................................................. 7  5. Methods ................................................................................................................................................ 8  5.1. Identification of Sweeping Zones .................................................................................................. 8  5.2. Methods for Estimating Load Recovery and Load Reductions ................................................... 10  5.2.1. Tree Canopy Assessment .................................................................................................... 10  5.2.1. Spatial Analysis of Edina Roads ........................................................................................... 11  5.2.2. Solids Recovery Rates ......................................................................................................... 12  5.2.3. Load Reduction Estimates ................................................................................................... 12  5.2.4. Estimating Load Recovery for Different Sweeper Types ..................................................... 13  6. Load Recovery and Load Reduction Estimates ................................................................................... 14  6.1. Baseline Street Sweeping ............................................................................................................ 14  6.1.1. Load Recovery ..................................................................................................................... 14  6.1.2. Load Reductions .................................................................................................................. 14  6.2. Enhanced Sweeping Scenario 1 – Monthly Street Sweeping...................................................... 16  6.2.1. Load Recovery ..................................................................................................................... 16  6.2.2. Load Reductions .................................................................................................................. 16  6.3. Enhanced Sweeping Scenario 2 – Bi‐Weekly Street Sweeping ................................................... 18    iii    6.3.1. Load Recovery ..................................................................................................................... 18  6.3.2. Load Reductions .................................................................................................................. 18  6.4. Costs Benefit Analysis ................................................................................................................. 20  6.4.1. Cost Effectiveness of Baseline Sweeping ............................................................................ 21  6.4.2. Cost Effectiveness of Monthly Sweeping ............................................................................ 21  6.4.3. Cost Effectiveness of Bi‐weekly Sweeping .......................................................................... 22  7. Recommendations .............................................................................................................................. 26  8. References .......................................................................................................................................... 27  Appendix A .................................................................................................................................................. 28  Appendix B .................................................................................................................................................. 41  Appendix C .................................................................................................................................................. 46  Appendix D .................................................................................................................................................. 49      iv    Table of Tables Table 1. Summary of priority waterbodies by HUC 12 with associated service level and land cover characteristics. Street sweeping was evaluated within the drainage areas of waterbodies shown in bold font. ...................................................................................................................................................... 5  Table 2. Impaired waters located within the City of Edina jurisdiction. ................................................. 6  Table 3. Tree Canopy Rating Scheme ....................................................................................................... 10  Table 4. Summary of sweeping zone characteristics including service level of the waterbody, average  over‐street tree canopy cover, and total curb‐miles of street (length of street x 2). ................................ 11  Table 5. Estimated load recovery rates (lb/curb‐mile/yr) for total solids and total phosphorus for the three levels of efforts described in section for sweeping with a regenerative air (or comparable) sweeper. ..................................................................................................................................................... 12  Table 6. Discounts applied to load recovery predictions to estimate recoverable loads for mechanical  broom sweepers. ........................................................................................................................................ 13  Table 7. Estimated total solids and phosphorus recovery and load reduction estimates for baseline  sweeping effort using mechanical broom and regenerative air technologies. .......................................... 15  Table 8. Estimated total solids and phosphorus recovery and load reduction estimates for monthly sweeping effort using mechanical broom and regenerative air technologies. ..................................... 17  Table 9. Estimated total solids and phosphorus recovery and load reduction estimates for bi‐weekly sweeping effort using mechanical broom and regenerative air technologies. ..................................... 19  Table 10. Cost and cost‐efficiency of street sweeping in defined sweeping zones (Appendix B) at the  baseline effort by major subwatershed. ..................................................................................................... 21  Table 11. Cost and cost‐efficiency of street sweeping in defined sweeping zones (Appendix B) for  monthly sweeping by major subwatershed. ............................................................................................... 22  Table 12. Cost and cost‐efficiency of street sweeping in defined sweeping zones (Appendix B) for bi‐ weekly sweeping by major subwatershed. ................................................................................................. 22  Table 13. Summary of estimated costs and cost‐efficiencies of phosphorus recovery within direct  drainage areas for each waterbody (see 5.1) for baseline, monthly, and bi‐weekly sweeping scenarios. 23  Table 14. Summary of estimated costs and cost‐efficiencies of phosphorus recovery within direct  drainage areas for each waterbody (see 5.1) for baseline, monthly, and bi‐weekly sweeping scenarios. 24  Table 15. Summary of estimated costs and cost‐efficiencies of phosphorus recovery within the TOTAL  drainage area for each waterbody for baseline, monthly, and bi‐weekly sweeping scenarios. ................ 25  Table 16. Comparison of overall pick‐up efficiencies for different sweeping technologies and loading intensities (Sutherland, 1995). Efficiencies are based on pick up of street dirt simulant, NURP particle size distribution 13% fine (d < 63 m), 40% medium (250 m  d  2000 m), and 47% coarse (d ≥ 2000 m). ...................................................................................................................... 47  Table 17. Ratio of fine (< 2mm) to coarse organic (>2mm) solids by month for different tree canopy cover ratings. (Kalinosky, et. al, 2014). Medium canopy is taken to represent ‘average’ ratios. ....... 47  Table 18. Summary of P8 ponds by priority water.  Priority waters modeling in P8 are shown in bold font.  .................................................................................................................................................................... 49         v    Table of Figures Figure 1. Combined direct drainage areas for priority waters (as defined for street sweeping goals) in the City of Edina, MN. .............................................................................................................................. 9  Figure 2 . Direct drainage area for Arrowhead Lake includes upstream catchments of non‐priority ponds. The service level for Arrowhead Lake is ‘high’. ......................................................................... 28  Figure 3. Direct drainage area for Cornelia Lake North (includes upstream catchments of non‐ priority ponds). The service level for Cornelia Lake North is ‘high’. .................................................... 29  Figure 4. Direct drainage area for Cornelia Lake South (includes upstream catchments of non‐ priority ponds). The service level for Cornelia Lake South is ‘high’. .................................................... 30  Figure 5. Direct drainage area for Harvey Lake. The service level for Highlands Lake is ‘low’. ......... 31  Figure 6. Direct drainage area for Hawkes Lake (includes upstream catchments of non‐priority ponds). The service level for Hawkes Lake is ‘low’. ............................................................................... 32  Figure 7. Direct drainage area for Highland Lake (includes upstream catchments of non‐priority ponds). The service level for Highland Lake is ‘low’. ............................................................................. 33  Figure 8. Direct drainage area for Indianhead Lake (includes upstream catchments of non‐priority ponds). The service level for Indianhead is ‘medium’. .......................................................................... 34  Figure 9. Direct drainage area for Lake Edina. The service level for Lake Edina is ‘high’. ................. 35  Figure 10. Direct drainage area for Melody Lake. The service level for Melody Lake is ‘high’. ......... 36  Figure 11. Direct drainage area for Mirror Lake (includes upstream catchments of non‐priority ponds). The service level for Mirror Lake is ‘low’. ................................................................................. 37  Figure 12. Direct drainage area for Mud Lake (includes upstream catchments of non‐priority ponds). The service level for Mud Lake is ‘low’. ..................................................................................... 38  Figure 13. Direct drainage area for Minnehaha Creek (does not include drainage areas for upstream priority waters or landlocked subbasins). Water quality goals include the Lake Hiawatha TMDLs for excess nutrients and Minnehaha Creek 303d listings (see Section 3.2). ........................................ 39  Figure 14. Direct drainage area for Ninemile Creek (does not include drainage areas for upstream priority waters or landlocked subbasins). Water quality goals include impairments for aquatic life and aquatic recreation for Ninemile Creek (see Section 3.2). ............................................................... 40  Figure 15. Comparison of removal efficiencies, mechanical broom and vacuum sweeper technologies, fine and coarse particle size ranges as reported in MNDOT, 2008. ............................... 46  Figure 16. Seasonal pattern in the partitioning of solids and nutrients between the fine and coarse fractions of sweeper waste. ...................................................................................................................... 48        EOR: water | ecology | community Page | 1   Executive Summary Street sweeping practices were evaluated for streets located within the drainage areas of Edina’s priority waters. Priority waters were identified based on review of the Edina Comprehensive Water Resources Management Plan (CWRMP) including the recent Lake & Pond Management Policy Amendment. Total solids (TS) and total phosphorus (TP) recovery for street sweeping within the drainage of individual priority waters were estimated using a street sweeping planning calculator tool developed by the University of Minnesota. Load recovery was estimated for sweeping with a mechanical broom sweeper and for sweeping with a regenerative air sweeper at each defined level of effort. Load reductions (total solids, total phosphorus) to priority waters were estimated using pollutant removal efficiencies for stormwater catchments estimated by Barr (2011) through P8 modeling. A simple cost‐benefit analysis was also completed for each level of effort/sweeper type evaluated. Costs were estimated based on the cost of current practices, manufacturer’s literature, and through comparison with a recent university of MN study, Quantifying Nutrient Removal through Street Sweeping. Pollutant load recovery and load reductions were estimated for three levels of effort: baseline sweeping (current practice) which consists of one sweeping each in the spring and fall using a mechanical broom sweeper; monthly sweeping, which was approximated as 7 sweeping per year (Apr‐Oct); and bi‐weekly sweeping, which was approximated as 14 sweepings per year (Apr‐Oct). Differences in load recovery for the two sweeper types (mechanical broom, regenerative air) were based on review of manufacturer’s literature, street sweeper pick‐up efficiency studies, and solids loading patterns observed in University of MN study. Current sweeping practice is estimated to recover about 196,494 lb solids and 177.3 lb phosphorus each year within the drainage area of priority waters. Within the Minnehaha watershed area of the City of Edina are expected to reduce phosphorus loads to Minnehaha Creek by about 56 lb. Enhanced sweeping is expected to increase load recovery by the following amounts:  Sweeping with a regenerative air sweeper (or similar technology) would increase load recovery by about 50% for TS and 38% for TP to 295,249 lb solids per year and 245 lb phosphorus per year for baseline sweeping.  Within the Minnehaha Creek watershed area, sweeping with a regenerative air (or similar high‐efficiency sweeper) is expected increase the load reduction achieved by current practices to 75 lb/yr. This practice achieves the target load reduction (67 lb/yr) required by the Minnehaha Creek Watershed District Management Plan.  Sweeping monthly with a regenerative air sweeper would increase load recovery by about 250% for TS and 200% for TP over baseline to 696,583 lb solids per year and 538 lb phosphorus per year.  Sweeping bi‐weekly with a regenerative air sweeper would increase load recovery by almost 400% for TS and about 330% over baseline to 1,068,831 lb solids per year and 834 lb phosphorus per year.   EOR: water | ecology | community Page | 2   Although the vehicle cost is greater, sweeping with a high‐efficiency sweeper is more cost effective than sweeping with a mechanical broom sweeper due to the increased load recovery that is possible with this vehicle type. Monthly sweeping with a high‐efficiency sweeper was found to be the most cost‐effective option with an average cost of $177/lb for phosphorus recovery compared to the baseline cost‐efficiency of $237/lb. Given the advantage in load recovery and cost‐ effectiveness when a higher efficiency sweeping is used, it is recommended that mechanical broom sweepers be replaced, or supplemented with a higher efficiency sweeper. It is also recommended that sweeping frequency be increase to about monthly sweeping (or greater) during the snow‐free season.   EOR: water | ecology | community Page | 3   1. Purpose The purpose of this investigation was to estimate the water quality benefits, defined as the total solids and total phosphorus load reductions to priority waters, of current street sweeping practices in the City of Edina and the projected benefits of enhanced street sweeping. A simple cost‐benefit analysis was completed to compare the cost‐effectiveness of different sweeping practices and to identify the optimal practice from a cost‐effectiveness standpoint. 2. Background Most cities do some amount of street sweeping each year to improve road safety and appearance, but when considering BMPs for water quality, street sweeping is often overlooked. Pollutants removed from the street are not available for transport to the storm sewer network. In agreement with this, several recent studies, which make use of newer sweeping technologies and advances in stormwater management, have reported that street sweeping offers a very cost‐effective and efficient means to reduce pollutant loads to storm sewer infrastructure and to downstream waters (Beretta et. al (2011), SPU (2009), Kalinosky et. al (2013), others). Additional benefits of street sweeping include reduced clogging and flooding of storm drains, reduced maintenance to downstream stormwater infrastructure, improved safety for pedestrians, and even reduced presence of pests. Under the current MS4 Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP, reissue date August 1, 2013), the City of Edina has established street sweeping as a BMP with the following measureable goal and timeframe: The City will brush of vacuum sweep street a minimum of twice annual in an effort to reduce the amount of sediment, trash, and organic material from reaching the storm sewer system and water resources. Street sweeping efforts in Edina have increased since the previous SWPPP authorization in 2006. At that time, the measureable goals included sweeping once annually and the pollution prevention/good housekeeping BMP under item MCM 6.0 included the following language on street sweeping: The City will continue with the current street sweeping program, identify improvements, and implement changes to reduce storm water pollutants. This investigation is consistent with the goal to identify improvements as stated above.   EOR: water | ecology | community Page | 4   3. Water Resources There are over two hundred water bodies, ranging in size from lakes to small stormwater detention basins within the city limits of Edina. Most of these waterbodies are part of larger flow networks that drain to Minnehaha Creek (HUC 070102060605) or Ninemile Creek (HUC 070200121108), both of which flow through the City of Edina. Many of Edina’s lakes and ponds are integral to the stormwater system. This means that they provide water management services such as flood protection and pollutant capture which protects downstream waters. It also means that they are vulnerable to degradation if the stormwater they receive carries excessive pollution. Source control Best Management Practices (BMPs), such as street sweeping, limit the amount of pollution that is transferred to from urban landscapes to Edina’s waterbodies through the stormwater system. The City of Edina Comprehensive Water Resources Management Plan (CWRMP) was reviewed to identify water quality goals and priorities that can be addressed through enhanced street sweeping. Identified priorities and stormwater management goals described in sections 3.1‐3.2 and section 4. Priorities include nutrient management/aquatic vegetation management; pollutant load reductions required by regional TMDLs; and adherence to non‐degradation policies. 3.1. City of Edina Lake and Pond Amendment to the Comprehensive Water Resources Management Plan (CWRMP) In 2014, the city of Edina established services levels for aquatic vegetation management of lakes and ponds in the City of Edina Lake & Pond Management Policy Amendment to the Comprehensive Water Resources Management Plan (CWRMP). Lake and pond management was prioritized and assigned a service level of ‘none’, ‘low’, ‘medium’, or ‘high’ using a rating scheme that included the following criteria: waterbody size, water quality, aesthetics and nuisance abatement, shoreline owner involvement, and public access. The prioritization scheme adopted in the Lake & Pond Policy Amendment was used to define sweeping zones for evaluation of current sweeping and enhanced sweeping practices (Table 1). A full description of the prioritization scheme and policy development is given in the Lake & Pond Management Policy Amendment (City of Edina, 2014).   EOR: water | ecology | community Page | 5   Table 1. Summary of priority waterbodies by HUC 12 with associated service level and land cover characteristics. Street sweeping was evaluated within the drainage areas of waterbodies shown in bold font. HUC 12 Major Drainage Waterbody  Service  Level Land Use Types  Minnehaha Creek  070102060605  Northwest Minnehaha  Creek*  Harvey Lake Low R  Lake Pamela High R  Melody Lake High R  Minnehaha Creek (all  other) (TMDLs) R (87%), PCD (2%); APD  (1%);  Northeast Minnehaha  Creek* Minnehaha Creek (TMDLs) R (97%), PCD/PID (11%);  MDD (2%)  Southeast Minnehaha  Creek* Minnehaha Creek (TMDLs) R  Ninemile Creek  070200121108  Ninemile Creek ‐ North  Hawkes Lake Low R  Highland Lake Medium R  Mirror Lake Low R  Unnamed nr Schaefer  and Harold Wood l§ Low R  Mud Lake Low R  Unnamed nr  Parkwood & Knoll§ Low R  Other Parkwood  Ponds§ Low/none R  Ninemile Creek ‐ Central Creek Valley Pond Low R  Ninemile Creek ‐ South  Fork  Arrowhead Lake High R  Indianhead Lake Medium R  Southwest Ponds Long Brake Trail Low R  Lake Cornelia/Lake  Edina/Adam's Hill  Cornelia ‐ North High R 95%); POD/PCD (6%)  Cornelia ‐ South High R  Lake Edina High R/PSR (96%); POD/PCD  (4%)  Lake Nancy§ Medium R  Otto Pond§ Low R  Point of France§ Low PCD (71%), R (14%); RMD  (8%); POD (6%); APD (1%);  Swimming Pool Pond§ Medium R (86%), PSR (4%); RMD  (7%); APD (2%); POD (1%)  (West Garrison) (none) R (89%); PCD (11%)  Ninemile Creek   (direct drainage not listed above)  (Future  TMDLs) (not quantified)  * Also part of the drainage area for Lake Hiawatha (Lake Hiawatha Phosphorus TMDL, 2014). §Included in sweeping zone for a downstream waterbody.   EOR: water | ecology | community Page | 6   3.2. Impaired Waters and TMDLs The current 303d list for Minnesota includes four waterbodies that lie within the City of Edina municipal boundaries, one of which has an approved TMDL (Table 2). In addition to theses, the City of Edina is included in the categorical wasteload allocation for MS4 stormwater permits in the Lake Hiawatha total phosphorus TMDL. In the Lake Hiawatha TMDL, the allowable stormwater load for the City of Edina (424.4 lb/yr) is about half the estimated existing load (841.4 lb/yr for 2001‐2011, Tetra Tech 2013). As additional TMDLs are approved and implementation plans are developed, the City of Edina may need to provide documentation of pollutant load reductions. TMDLs addressing nutrient impairments will mostly likely be written for total phosphorus (TP). Excess phosphorus is also a candidate cause for low dissolved oxygen (DO). Total suspended solids (TSS) is a candidate cause for fish and macroinvertebrate bioassessment impairments. Table 2. Impaired waters located within the City of Edina jurisdiction. Lake Name (MN DNR LAKE ID) HUC 12 Listing Year TMDL Target Start/Completion Affected Use Pollutant/Stressor Impaired Waters Located Within the City of Edina Lake Cornelia (North) 27-0028-01 Nine Mile Creek 070102061302 2008 2014/2018 Aquatic Recreation: Nutrients/Eutrophication Biological Indicators Lake Edina 27-0029-00 2008 2014/2018 Nine Mile Creek 07020012-518 2004 2024/2028 Aquatic Life Chloride Fish Bioassessment Minnehaha Creek 07010206-539 Minnehaha Creek 070102061108 2008 2020/2024 Aquatic Life Chloride 2014 2009/2015 Fish Bioassessment 2008 2020/2024 Macroinvertabrate Bioassessment 2004 2020/2024 Dissolved Oxygen 2010 Approved 2014 Aquatic Recreation Fecal Coliform Downstream Impaired Waters Lake Hiawatha 27-0018-00 Minnehaha Creek 070102061108 2002 Approved 2014 Aquatic Recreation Nutrient/Eutrophication Biological Indicators   EOR: water | ecology | community Page | 7   4. Stormwater Management Goals 4.1. Non-degradation Policies Two major watershed districts have jurisdictions which lie within the City of Edina municipal boundaries – the Nine Mile Creek Watershed District (NMCWD) and the Minnehaha Creek Watershed District (MCWD). Stormwater management rules for both of these watersheds included non‐degradation policies that apply to both water quality and volume control. Enhanced street sweeping may provide assurance for non‐degradation of water quality by reducing pollutant loads, and may address non‐degradation of stormwater volume by reducing loss rate of storage volume through siltation/sedimentation of stormwater ponds. 4.2. Minnehaha Creek Watershed District (MCWD) Per the MCWD Comprehensive Water Resources Management Plan the City of Edina is required to reduce its annual phosphorus load to Minnehaha Creek by 67 pounds1. This requirement has been fulfilled with the implementation of capital improvements since 2000, but additional reductions may be achieved through recent capital improvements and best management practices (BMPs) including street sweeping. Phosphorus reductions achieved through current sweeping practices were estimated at 350 lb/yr city‐wide by Barr (2011). The estimated load reductions for current sweeping practices outlined in section 6.1 are defined instead by major drainage area. Current sweeping practices in the Minnehaha Watershed area of the City of Edina are expected to reduce phosphorus loads to Minnehaha Creek by about 56 lb. Sweeping with a regenerative air (or similar high‐efficiency sweeper) is expected increase the load reduction achieved by current practices to 74.7 lb/yr. 4.3. Good Housekeeping/Maintenance In addition to water quality benefits, regular street sweeping may reduce needed maintenance on storm water ponds and infrastructure by reducing sedimentation, siltation and clogging. Increased dead storage volume is listed as a potential implementation activity for several stormwater ponds throughout Edina in Section 15, Table 15A of the Edina CWRMP. Enhanced sweeping within stormwater pond drainage areas may extend the maintenance cycle for these and other ponds.                                                              1 As stated in Section 15.2.1 of the City of Edina Comprehensive Water Resources Management Plan.    EOR: water | ecology | community Page | 8   5. Methods 5.1. Identification of Sweeping Zones The sweeping zones (direct drainage areas) for which pollutant load recovery were estimated are shown in Figure 1 (all areas combined) and Appendix A (individual zones). Sweeping zones were identified based on the priorities outline in Sections 3 and 4. With a few exceptions, sweeping zones were defined for all ponds with a priority rating higher than ‘none’ (City of Edina, 2014) and for Minnehaha Creek and Nine Mile Creek. Sweeping zones include all streets located within the direct drainage areas of the water body of interest. For the purpose of estimating recoverable loads, the direct drainage area is defined as any street draining to the water body of interest that cannot be included in the direct drainage area of another priority water. The load recovery and load reduction estimates are reported on the scale of the total drainage area for a given priority water in section 6. Total drainage areas for some water bodies include the direct drainage areas of another (upstream) priority lake(s) or pond(s). Street located in these areas were included in the load recovery and load reduction estimates for the downstream priority water (see also section 5.2.2 and section 5.2.3). Streets located in landlocked basins were not included in load recovery estimates for priority waters, however, sweeping may be useful in these areas to extend the life of local stormwater BMPs.   EOR: water | ecology | community Page | 9   Figure 1. Combined direct drainage areas for priority waters (as defined for street sweeping goals) in the City of Edina, MN. See Appendix  for maps of individual sweeping zones.   EOR: water | ecology | community Page | 10   5.2. Methods for Estimating Load Recovery and Load Reductions Pollutant recovery was estimated using a street sweeping planning calculator tool developed by the University of MN, ‘Estimating Nutrient and Solids Load Recovery through Street Sweeping’ (Kalinosky, et. al, 2014). The tool predicts average solids and nutrient load recovery based on the timing and frequency of sweeping; and density of tree canopy cover over the street. The tool was calibrated using street sweeping data from Prior Lake, MN and is intended for use in comparable settings (climate and geography). In order to calculate estimated solids recovery, it was necessary to first determine the length of street surfaces located within each drainage area shown in Figure 1 (section 5.2.1); and to estimate the average over‐street tree canopy for these streets (section 5.2.1). 5.2.1. Tree Canopy Assessment Tree canopy covers were visually inspected using 2013 color FSA aerial photographs of the Edina area. Areas of street with similar canopy cover were assigned a score of 1‐5 corresponding to the range of canopy cover densities described in Table 3. Visual examples of tree canopy covers are included in Appendix B. Using tree canopy cover scores for individual street segments, a weighted average tree canopy cover was calculated for each street sweeping zone. Weighted average canopy cover scores were then translated to an over‐street percent canopy cover for the purpose of estimating recoverable solids loads. Over‐street percent tree canopy covers were assigned based upon comparison to tree canopies quantified in Prior Lake, MN (Kalinosky, et. al, 2013). Table 3. Tree Canopy Rating Scheme Assigned Score Canopy Description Over‐Street Canopy Cover* 0 None None over street, very few or no immature tree in  yards/lots. 0%  1 Very Low Immature trees near street, very little/no over street  canopy, very low tree density in yards/lots. 2%  2 Low Some visible cover over the street, mostly immature  trees, general low density of trees. 5%  3 Medium Visible cover over portions of the street, mix of  immature and mature trees in yards/lots. 10%  4 Medium‐ High  Visible canopy over portions of the street, fairly dense,  uniform canopy across yards, or stands of mature tree  in backyards/common areas.  14%  4.5 High  Visible canopy along the majority of the street,  uniform canopy of mature tree across yards/stands of  mature trees in backyards/common areas.  18%  5 Very  High  Very dense canopy, canopy cover fairly continuous  across lot and street boundaries on aerial photos. 25%  *Based on comparison to quantified tree canopies in Prior Lake, MN (Kalinosky, et. al, 2013).   EOR: water | ecology | community Page | 11   5.2.1. Spatial Analysis of Edina Roads Streets length was summarized by sweeping zone using digital maps of Edina roads and the sweeping zones defined in Appendix A (GIS). The distance to be swept in each sweeping zone (number of curb‐miles) was defined as twice the length of polylines representing the roadway, or approximately one sweeper pass along each curb line of the street. In reality, some roadways have two or more driving lanes in each direction of traffic. In such cases, load recovery estimates represent a lower bound for expected load recovery. Additional driving lanes are expected to increase the recovery of inorganic particulates compared to streets in similar settings with a single driving lane in each direction. Note that state and federal highways were excluded from sweeping zone summaries since maintenance responsibilities fall to other jurisdictions. The assigned service level, curb‐miles of street, average tree canopy cover, and land use characteristics for sweeping zone are outlined in Table 4. The total curb‐miles of street for which pollutant load recovery was estimated are 345.0, about 82% of total curb‐miles of street in the City of Edina. Estimates do not include state and federal highways or streets in areas outside of defined sweeping zones. Table 4. Summary of sweeping zone characteristics including service level of the waterbody, average over‐street  tree canopy cover, and total curb‐miles of street (length of street x 2).  Major Drainage  Waterbody/Sweeping  Zone Service Level  Estimated Over‐ street % Canopy  (weighted average)  Curb‐miles of Street in  Direct Drainage Area  Minnehaha Creek  HUC 070102060605  Harvey Lake Low 14% 1.1  Lake Pamela High 13% 14.4  Melody Lake High 9% 11.5  Minnehaha Creek (all other) (TMDLs) 14% 64.5  Ninemile Creek HUC  070200121108  Hawkes Lake Low 13% 15.9  Highland Lake Medium 13% 10.6  Mirror Lake Low 16% 8.9  Mud Lake Low 13% 17.1  Creek Valley Pond Low 13% 6.2  Arrowhead Lake High 12% 5.7  Indianhead Lake Medium 16% 4.8  Long Brake Trail Low 15% 1.0  Cornelia ‐ North High 12% 43.5  Cornelia ‐ South High 12% 3.7  Lake Edina High 12% 20.1  Ninemile Creek (all other) (Future TMDLs) 12.0% 116.0    EOR: water | ecology | community Page | 12   5.2.2. Solids Recovery Rates Total solids and nutrient recovery were estimated for streets located within the direct drainage areas of priority waters. Pollutant recovery was estimated three levels of effort: 1. Baseline effort – all streets are swept once in the spring and once in the fall. 2. Monthly sweeping – all streets are swept once per month during the snow‐free season (taken as April – October). 3. Bi‐weekly sweeping – all streets are swept twice per month during the snow‐ free season (April – October). In the monthly and bi‐weekly sweeping scenarios, a sweeping of season of April through October was assumed. For the initial sweeping event in each scenario (the first sweeping in April), load recovery was estimated as the average of predicted recovery for single sweepings in March and April. Initial sweepings in these two months represent high and low range loading intensities of winter residuals during spring cleaning operations. Pollutant load recovery estimated using the calculator tool depends on the density of over‐street tree canopy cover. Total solids and phosphorus loading rates for each of the three defined levels of effort are outlined for a range of over‐street tree canopy covers in Table 5. Table 5. Estimated load recovery rates (lb/curb‐mile/yr) for total solids and total phosphorus for the three levels of efforts described in section for sweeping with a regenerative air (or comparable) sweeper. Baseline Sweeping Monthly Sweeping Bi‐weekly Sweeping  Canopy Cover  Description*  Over‐street %  Canopy Cover§ TS TP TS TP TS TP  None 0 522 0.4 1363 1.0 2265 1.6 Very Low 2 616 0.5 1467 1.1 2439 1.8 Low 5 688 0.6 1639 1.2 2725 6.5 Medium 10 827 0.7 1972 1.5 3278 2.5 Medium‐High 14 959 0.8 2286 1.8 3801 3.0 High 18 1112 1.0 2651 2.2 4406 3.5 Very High 25 1440 1.3 3433 16.1 5707 4.8 * See Appendix B for examples.  §Average for the street length under consideration.    5.2.3. Load Reduction Estimates To estimate pollutant reductions to priority waters (as opposed to pollutant recovery from streets) it was necessary to take into account pollutant removal through BMPs located along flow paths to priority waters. Load reductions were estimated by applying removal efficiencies for P8 ponds (Barr, 2011) to the recovered load estimates for street located within the direct drainage area of each P8 pond. Individual P8 pond removal efficiencies are summarized by sweeping zone in Appendix D. Pollutant removal estimates were applied recursively to account for serial removal of pollutants along flow paths to priority waters. Expected pollutant load reductions to priority waters are reported as the recovered load minus any expected removal through modeled BMPs (P8 ponds). Load reductions estimates are based on the following assumptions:   EOR: water | ecology | community Page | 13    All solids on street surface will be transferred to the stormsewer system and on to downstream waters over time.  The design efficiency of modeled BMPs can be applied to solids which typically collect on street surfaces (including organic material).  The design efficiency of modeled BMPs is preserved through regular maintenance. Pollutant reductions to priority waters are expected to vary somewhat from estimates.. Structural BMPs and other practices such as curbside rain garden or vegetated swales which were not included in the P8 model would increase overall pollutant removal and therefore decrease the overall pollutant reduction through street sweeping. Since the P8 model did not include subwatersheds located within the Minnehaha Creek watershed, load reduction estimates might be considered an upper bound for streets the Minnehaha Creek watershed. Factors which decrease pollutant removal such as decreased efficiency of BMPs between maintenance periods would increase the pollutant reduction to priority waters through street sweeping. It should be noted that regular street sweeping is expected to extend the useful life of structural BMPs by reducing solids loads. This benefit, although not quantified here, should be considered in setting street sweeping policy. 5.2.4. Estimating Load Recovery for Different Sweeper Types Because the pick‐up efficiency of street sweepers varies among different makes and models, the amount of pollutant that can be recovered through street sweeping depends not only on factors that contribute to pollutant accumulation, but also on the type of sweeper used. Currently, all street sweeping in the City of Edina is done using mechanical broom sweepers which have been shown to have lower overall pick‐up efficiency compared to higher efficiency technologies such as regenerative air and vacuum assist street sweepers. The calculator tool used to estimate pollutant load recovery, however, is based on results for regenerative air technology. To get a more accurate estimate of load recovery at the baseline effort, discounts reflecting the lower pickup efficiency of mechanical broom sweepers (Table 6) were applied to estimates predicted by the calculator tool. Discounts were also applied at increased levels of effort in order to compare load recovery for mechanical broom and regenerative air (or similar) technologies. The rationale for the discounts applied is described in detail in Appendix C. Table 6. Discounts applied to load recovery predictions to estimate recoverable loads for mechanical broom  sweepers.  Mar‐Apr, Sep‐Nov May‐Aug  TS TP TS TP  32% 26% 38% 35%         EOR: water | ecology | community Page | 14   6. Load Recovery and Load Reduction Estimates 6.1. Baseline Street Sweeping The baseline street sweeping effort consists of one sweeping each in the spring and fall. 6.1.1. Load Recovery Estimated solids and phosphorus recovery for the baseline sweeping effort in the area of interest is outlined by priority watershed in Table 7. Current sweeping practices are expected to remove approximately 56 lb‐TP per year in the Minnehaha Creek subwatershed area and approximately 121 lb‐TP per year in the Ninemile Creek subwatershed area. Recovery of phosphorus could be increase by approximately 38% (74.7 lb‐TP/yr, 170 lb‐TP/yr) if a regenerative air (or similar technology) were used for sweeping. 6.1.2. Load Reductions In the Ninemile Creek subwatershed overall pollutant loading to priority waters is reduced by from 3% ‐ 94% (median value 39%) by structural BMPs that intercept stormwater. This rate of pollutant removal is based on design efficiencies for modeled BMPs and actually removal by these structures may be lowered as sediment storage volume decreases. The estimated overall pollutant reduction to waterbodies within the Ninemile Creek subwatershed area is about 61 lb TP/year for baseline sweeping with a mechanical broom sweeper. Load reductions could be increased to about 85 lb‐ TP/yr if a higher efficiency sweeper technology were used. Note that load reductions estimates in the Minnehaha Creek subwatershed area are set to recovered loads for priority waters (56 lb‐TP/yr). This is because pollutant removal efficiencies were not available for pond and other structural BMPs. For this reason, pollutant load reductions within the Minnehaha Creek subwatershed area should be regarded as upper boundaries for load reduction estimates. If similar overall pollutant removal efficiency is assumed for the two major watersheds, the estimated total pollutant reduction to priority waters in the Minnehaha Creek subwatershed area is about 34 lb‐TP/yr, but could be increased to 45 lb‐TP/yr if a higher efficiency sweeper were used.   EOR: water | ecology | community Page | 15  Table 7. Estimated total solids and phosphorus recovery and load reduction estimates for baseline sweeping effort using mechanical broom and regenerative air technologies.  Estimated Watershed Load* Recovery (lb)  Reduction to Waterbody through Sweeping (lb) % Increased Recovery Sweeper Upgrade†  Mechanical Broom Sweeper Vacuum/Regen Air Sweeper Mechanical Broom Sweeper Vacuum/Regen Air Sweeper HUC 8 Waterbody Curb‐miles Service Level TS TP TS TP TS TP TS TP TS TP Minnehaha Creek  HUC 070102060605 Harvey Lake 1.1 Low 831 0.71,121 0.9831 0.71,121 0.9 ≥47% ≥33% Lake Pamela South 8.1 High 9,573 8.714,073 11.69,573 8.714,073 11.6 Lake Pamela North1 5.8 High 6,835 6.210,047 8.36,835 6.210,047 8.3 Melody Lake 11.5 High 6,603 5.99,707 7.86,603 5.99,707 7.8 Minnehaha Creek (all other*) 64.5 (TMDLs) 44,603 40.965,566 54.444,603 40.965,566 54.4  Minnehaha Creek Subtotal** 61,542 56.290,467 74.761,542 56.290,467 74.7 Ninemile Creek HUC 070200121108 Arrowhead Lake (Landlocked basin) 5.7 High 3,803 3.55,591 4.62,322 2.63,413 3.5 Centennial Lakes 6.7 Low/No 5,960 5.08,761 6.75,140 4.77,556 6.3 Cornelia North 43.5 High 19,733 17.429,008 23.210,416 12.615,311 16.8 Cornelia South2 3.7 High 21,573 19.231,713 25.52,357 8.83,465 11.7 Hawkes Lake3 15.9 Low 16,343 14.924,024 19.86,984 9.710,266 12.9 Highland Lake 10.6 Low 5,755 5.98460 7.95,565 5.48181 7.2 Indianhead Lake  (Landlocked basin) 4.8 Medium 2,954 2.84,342 3.72,411 2.43,544 3.2 Lake Edina4 20.1 High 34,782 31.251,129 41.513,707 18.720,150 24.9 Long Brake Trail 3.1 Low 2,301 2.13,382 2.8736 1.21,082 1.6 Mirror Lake 8.9 Low 4,350 4.16,394 5.42,726 3.54,007 4.6 Mud Lake5 17.1 Low         22,357 19.8        34,395 28.5          6,931 6.1        10,663  8.8 Ninemile Creek (all other*) 116.0 (Future TMDL)         71,163 63.9      109,482 92.0       34,870 31.3        53,646  45.1  Ninemile Creek Subtotal**      134,952             121 .1       204,782              170.1        58,970                60.8         89,548                85.0  § Total recoverable watershed load ‐ includes recoverable loads in upstream catchments. §§Load reduction estimate to priority water body based on P8 pond removal efficiencies (Barr, 2011). Removal efficiencies were applied to recoverable loads within the catchment of any modeled P8 pond or priority water and applied in series to determine overall reduction to a given water body. Expected reductions in total solids (TS) are approximated using TSS removal efficiencies although the two constituents are not equivalent. *Direct drainage areas only (does not include the subwatersheds of upstream priority waters). **Subtotals for major drainage areas (HUC12) are not equal to the sum of loads for priority waters + other drainage areas (catchment loads are not double counted), but are based on the total watershed load (not including landlocked basins) or reduced load based on P8 pond linkages. 1 Upstream priority water = Pamela South 2 Upstream priority water = Cornelia North 3 Upstream priority water = Highland Lake 4 Upstream priority water = Cornelia South, Cornelia North 5 Upstream priority water = Hawkes Lake, Highland Lake †Compares watershed load recovery using regenerative air technology to load recovery using mechanical broom.   EOR: water | ecology | community Page | 16   6.2. Enhanced Sweeping Scenario 1 – Monthly Street Sweeping The monthly sweeping scenario is defined as 7 sweepings per year‐ one each in the months April – October. 6.2.1. Load Recovery Estimated solids and phosphorus recovery for monthly sweeping is outlined by priority watershed in Table 8. Monthly sweeping practices are expected to remove approximately 115 lb‐TP per year in the Minnehaha Creek subwatershed area and approximately 262 lb‐TP per year in the Ninemile Creek subwatershed area. Recovery of phosphorus could be increase by approximately 43% (164 lb‐TP/yr, 374 lb‐TP/yr) if a higher efficiency sweeper were used, a 113% increase over baseline sweeping with a mechanical broom sweeper. 6.2.2. Load Reductions The estimated overall pollutant reduction to waterbodies within the Ninemile Creek subwatershed area is about 130 lb‐TP/year for monthly sweeping with a mechanical broom sweeper. Load reductions could be increased to about 186 lb‐TP/yr if a higher efficiency sweeper technology were used. If similar overall pollutant removal efficiency is assumed for the two major watersheds, the estimated total pollutant reduction to priority waters in the Minnehaha Creek subwatershed area is about 70 lb‐TP/yr (current practice) and could be increased to about 100 lb‐TP/yr through technology upgrade. Estimated load reductions represent an increase of almost 200% over baseline sweeping with a mechanical broom sweeper.      EOR: water | ecology | community Page | 17  Table 8. Estimated total solids and phosphorus recovery and load reduction estimates for monthly sweeping effort using mechanical broom and regenerative air technologies.  Estimated Watershed Load§ Recovery (lb)  Reduction to Waterbody through Sweeping§§ (lb) % Increased Recovery Sweeper Upgrade† % Increased Reduction compared to baseline, mechanical ††  Mechanical Broom Sweeper Vacuum/Regen Air Sweeper Mechanical Broom Sweeper Vacuum/Regen Air Sweeper Major Drainage (HUC 12) Waterbody Curb‐miles Service Level TS TP TS TP TS TP TS TP TS TP TS TP Minnehaha Creek*  HUC 070102060605 Harvey Lake 1.1 Low 1,705 1.52,6252.11,7051.52,6252.1 54% 43% 249% 197% Lake Pamela South 8.1 High 15,286 12.723,54118.215,28612.723,54118.2 Lake Pamela North1 5.8 High 21,412 17.932,97425.621,41217.932,97425.6 Melody Lake 11.5 High 14,755 12.122,72217.314,75512.122,72217.3 Minnehaha Creek (all other**) 64.5 (TMDLs) 105,879 88.3163,053126.2105,87988.3163,053126.2  Minnehaha Creek Subtotal** 137,624 114.5211,941163.8137,624114.5211,941163.8 Ninemile Creek HUC 070200121108 Arrowhead Lake (Landlocked basin) 5.7 High 8,500 7.113,09010.15,1925.37,9967.6 Centennial Lakes 6.7 Low/No 13,314 9.920,50414.211,4799.417,67813.4 Cornelia North 43.5 High 44,090 35.767,89851.023,28325.935,85637.0 Cornelia South2 3.7 High 48,205 39.074,23655.85,28618.78,14126.7 Hawkes Lake3 15.9 Low 36,547 30.356,28243.415,61919.724,05428.1 Highland Lake 10.6 Low 12,870 11.41982016.312,44811.01917015.8 Indianhead Lake  (Landlocked basin) 4.8 Medium 6,603 5.710,1688.15,3905.08,3007.1 Lake Edina4 20.1 High 77,744 63.5119,72690.830,65638.047,21054.3 Long Brake Trail 3.1 Low 5,144 4.37,9226.21,6462.42,5353.4 Mirror Lake 8.9 Low 9,723 8.414,97312.06,0947.19,38510.2 Mud Lake5 17.1 Low 56,601 43.981,00662.716,30613.625,11219.4 Ninemile Creek (all other**) 116.0 (Future TMDL) 169,491 141.5261,015202.383,05069.3127,89899.1  Ninemile Creek Subtotal**   318,703  262.5 484,642          374.0   137,753   130.4    212,139       186.5  § Total recoverable watershed load ‐ includes recoverable loads in upstream catchments. §§Load reduction estimate to priority water body based on P8 pond removal efficiencies (Barr, 2011). Removal efficiencies were applied to recoverable loads within the catchment of any modeled P8 pond or priority water and applied in series to determine overall reduction to a given water body. Expected reductions in total solids (TS) are approximated using TSS removal efficiencies although the two constituents are not equivalent. *Load reduction estimates in the Minnehaha Creek subwatershed area represent the upper boundary of pollutant reduction estimates (see 6.1.2) **Subtotals for major drainage areas (HUC12) are not equal to the sum of loads for priority waters + other drainage areas (catchment loads are not double counted), but are based on the total watershed load (not including landlocked basins) or reduced load based on P8 pond linkages. 1 Upstream priority water = Pamela South 2 Upstream priority water = Cornelia North 3 Upstream priority water = Highland Lake 4 Upstream priority water = Cornelia South, Cornelia North 5 Upstream priority water = Hawkes Lake, Highland Lake †Compares watershed load recovery using regenerative air technology to load recovery using mechanical broom. ††Compares reduction to waterbody using regenerative air technology to reduction to water body using mechanical broom, median value reported.   EOR: water | ecology | community Page | 18   6.3. Enhanced Sweeping Scenario 2 – Bi-Weekly Street Sweeping  The bi‐weekly sweeping scenario is defined as 14 sweepings per year‐ two each in the months April – October. 6.3.1. Load Recovery Estimated solids and phosphorus recovery for bi‐weekly sweeping is outlined by priority watershed in Table 9. Bi‐weekly sweeping practices are expected to remove approximately 167 lb‐ TP per year in the Minnehaha Creek subwatershed area and approximately 412 lb‐TP per year in the Ninemile Creek subwatershed area. Recovery of phosphorus could be increase by approximately 44% (241 lb‐TP/yr, 593 lb‐TP/yr) if a higher efficiency sweeper were used, an increase of 223% over baseline sweeping with a mechanical broom sweeper. 6.3.2. Load Reductions The estimated overall pollutant reduction to waterbodies within the Ninemile Creek subwatershed area is about 205 lb‐TP/year for bi‐weekly sweeping with a mechanical broom sweeper. Load reductions could be increased to about 295 lb‐TP/yr if a higher efficiency sweeper technology were used. If similar overall pollutant removal efficiency is assumed for the two major watersheds, the estimated total pollutant reduction to priority waters in the Minnehaha Creek subwatershed area is about 102 lb‐TP/yr (current practice) and could be increased to about 147 lb‐TP/yr through technology upgrade. Estimated load reductions are more than triple the estimated load reductions for baseline sweeping with a mechanical broom sweeper.          EOR: water | ecology | community Page | 19  Table 9. Estimated total solids and phosphorus recovery and load reduction estimates for bi‐weekly sweeping effort using mechanical broom and regenerative air technologies.   Estimated Watershed Load§ Recovery (lb)  Reduction to Waterbody through Sweeping§§ (lb) % Increased Recovery Sweeper Upgrade† % Increased Reduction compared to baseline, mechanical ††  Mechanical Broom Sweeper Vacuum/Regen Air Sweeper Mechanical Broom Sweeper Vacuum/Regen Air Sweeper Major Drainage (HUC 12) Waterbody Curb‐miles Service Level TS TP TS TP TS TP TS TP TS TP TS TP Minnehaha Creek * HUC 070102060605 Harvey Lake 1.1 Low 2,430 2.13,767 3.02,430 2.13,767 3.0 55% 44% 396% 331% Lake Pamela South 8.1 High 21,825 18.633,828 26.821,825 18.633,828 26.8 Lake Pamela North1 5.8 High 30,556 26.147,362 37.630,556 26.147,362 37.6 Melody Lake 11.5 High 21,182 17.632,832 25.321,182 17.632,832 25.3 Minnehaha Creek  (all other**) 64.5 (TMDLs) 151,140 129.0234,267 185.7151,140 129.0234,267 185.7  Minnehaha Creek Subtotal** 196,577 167.2304,694 240.8196,577 167.2304,694 240.8 Ninemile Creek HUC 070200121108 Arrowhead Lake  (Landlocked basin) 5.7 High 12,159 10.318,847 14.87,408 7.811,482 11.2 Centennial Lakes 6.7 Low/No 18,765 14.729,086 21.214,934 13.923,147 20.0 Cornelia North 43.5 High 63,059 52.097,741 74.933,334 37.751,668 54.3 Cornelia South2 3.7 High 68,945 56.9106,864 82.07,563 26.211,722 37.7 Hawkes Lake3 15.9 Low 52,221 44.480,943 63.922,319 29.434,594 42.3 Highland Lake 10.6 Low 18,355 16.428451 23.617,750 16.127512 23.2 Indianhead Lake   (Landlocked basin) 4.8 Medium 9,406 8.314,579 11.97,676 7.311,898 10.5 Lake Edina4 20.1 High 111,178 92.6172,326 133.443,837 55.467,948 79.8 Long Brake Trail 3.1 Low 9,265 6.414,360 9.24,279 3.56,632 5.0 Mirror Lake 8.9 Low 13,844 12.221,458 17.58,674 10.313,444 14.9 Mud Lake5 17.1 Low    79,332  66.8122,050 96.1   24,593 20.737,835  29.8 Ninemile Creek (all other**) 116.0 (Future TMDL) 282,063  234.3433,943 337.2138,211 114.8212,632  165.2  Ninemile Creek Subtotal**  495,682  412 764,137 593 219,594   205 338,492  295  § Total recoverable watershed load ‐ includes recoverable loads in upstream catchments. §§Load reduction estimate to priority water body based on P8 pond removal efficiencies (Barr, 2011). Removal efficiencies were applied to recoverable loads within the catchment of any modeled P8 pond or priority water and applied in series to determine overall reduction to a given water body. Expected reductions in total solids (TS) are approximated using TSS removal efficiencies although the two constituents are not equivalent. *Load reduction estimates in the Minnehaha Creek subwatershed area represent the upper boundary of pollutant reduction estimates (see 6.1.2) * *Subtotals for major drainage areas (HUC12) are not equal to the sum of loads for priority waters + other drainage areas (catchment loads are not double counted), but are based on the total watershed load (not including landlocked basins) or reduced load based on P8 pond linkages. 1 Upstream priority water = Pamela South 2 Upstream priority water = Cornelia North 3 Upstream priority water = Highland Lake 4 Upstream priority water = Cornelia South, Cornelia North 5 Upstream priority water = Hawkes Lake, Highland Lake †Compares watershed load recovery using regenerative air technology to load recovery using mechanical broom. ††Compares reduction to waterbody using regenerative air technology to reduction to water body using mechanical broom, median value reported.   EOR: water | ecology | community Page | 20   6.4. Costs Benefit Analysis Total costs and cost‐efficiencies ($/lb‐P) were estimated for baseline, monthly and bi‐weekly sweeping scenarios. The cost‐basis of street sweeping ($/curb‐mile) is not constant and depends on the sweeper type and financing, and the cost of vehicle maintenance, labor, and fuel. Total costs for each sweeping scenarios were calculated using the component costs and assumptions outlined below. Category Cost Basis Sweeper $18,200 (vehicle depreciation)* $3,700 (vehicle maintenance)* Labor (wages + benefits) $75/hr Diesel Fuel $3/gal * City of Edina, Public Works Department  Cost Basis Assumptions:   Sweepers are owned  by the City of Edina.   Sweeper operational speed = 4.5 mph   An additional 1.5 hrs of labor is required for every 4 hrs of sweeping time   Total transit miles (brush off) are about 3 times total swept miles    On average, sweeper fuel consumption is 5 mpg   - [ (brush off time, empty) + (brush on time)+ (brush off time, full capacity)]   1 vehicle is sufficient for baseline and monthly sweeping, 2 vehicles are required for sweeping  above this level of effort based on labor hours required compared to sweeping timeframe.   Sufficient staffing is assumed.  Sweeping is most cost‐effective when solids loading to streets is greatest. Since solids loading varies over the course of the year adding sweepings at certain times of the year (summer) is less cost‐effecting than adding sweepings at peak loading intensities (spring, fall). Although sweeping operations can be further optimized to take advantage of these differences, the cost calculations presented here are based on regular sweeping at the frequency specified for each level of effort. Estimated sweeping costs at each level defined level of effort are summarized in sections 6.4.1 ‐ 6.4.3. Cost are outlined in detail for loads recovered within the direct drainage area of a priority waters in Table 13 for sweeping with mechanical broom and Table 14 for sweeping with a high efficiency sweeper. Costs are also outlined in detail for load recovery within the total drainage area of each priority water for sweeping with a high efficiency sweeper in Table 15.   EOR: water | ecology | community Page | 21   6.4.1. Cost Effectiveness of Baseline Sweeping Solids loading tends to peak in the spring (winter residuals) and again in the fall (leaf drop) which makes the singular spring and fall sweepings that make up the baseline sweeping effort among the most efficient (lb/curb‐mile). However, at the baseline effort, the cost of sweeping is driven by the flat cost of vehicle financing. This drives the cost‐effectiveness of sweeping down compared to monthly sweeping (section 6.4.2). Based on the assumptions outlined above, the cost basis for baseline sweeping with a mechanical broom sweeper and with a higher efficiency sweeper are $54 and $56.50 per curb‐mile of sweeping respectively. Estimated total costs and cost‐efficiencies for baseline sweeping are summarized in Table 12 and outlined in detail in Table 13 ‐ Table 15 . Note that while sweeping is less expensive for a mechanical broom sweeper on a per‐mile basis, it is less cost effective ($/lb‐P recovered) due to the reduced solids recovery compared to higher efficiency sweepers. Table 10. Cost and cost‐efficiency of street sweeping in defined sweeping zones (Appendix B) at the baseline  effort by major subwatershed.  Sweeper Type HUC 12 Watershed Cost ($)  Cost‐efficiency,  Phosphorus Recovery  ($/lb‐P)  Cost‐efficiency,  Phosphorus Reduction*  ($/lb‐P)  Mechanical  Broom  Minnehaha Creek 13,270 236 352  Ninemile Creek 26,020 215 428  Higher  Efficiency  Minnehaha Creek 13,839 185 278  Ninemile Creek 27,191 160 320  *Based on estimated sub‐catchment pollutant removal efficiency, see section 6.1.2.  6.4.2. Cost Effectiveness of Monthly Sweeping Since monthly sweeping can be completed using a single sweeper, the vehicle financing cost does not increase for monthly sweeping compared to baseline sweeping. Labor and fuel costs increase such that the total cost is approximately 2X the cost of baseline sweeping; however, solids recovery increases by more than 2‐fold over baseline, making monthly sweeping more cost‐effective than the baseline effort. Based on the assumption outlined above, the cost basis for baseline sweeping with a mechanical broom sweeping is $33.50, and with a regenerative air sweeper $34 per curb‐mile of sweeping. Estimated total costs and cost‐efficiencies for monthly sweeping are summarized in Table 11 and outlined in detail in Table 13 ‐ Table 15 .   EOR: water | ecology | community Page | 22   Table 11. Cost and cost‐efficiency of street sweeping in defined sweeping zones (Appendix B) for monthly  sweeping by major subwatershed.  Sweeper Type HUC 12 Watershed Cost ($)  Cost‐efficiency,  Phosphorus Recovery  ($/lb‐P)  Cost‐efficiency,  Phosphorus Reduction*  ($/lb‐P)  Mechanical  Broom  Minnehaha Creek 28,764 251 375  Ninemile Creek 56,400 216 433  Higher  Efficiency  Minnehaha Creek 29,332 179 269  Ninemile Creek 57,634 154 309  *Based on estimated sub‐catchment pollutant removal efficiency, see section 6.2.2.  6.4.3. Cost Effectiveness of Bi-weekly Sweeping Based on the number of vehicle hours required, bi‐weekly sweeping cannot be completed in all defined sweeping zone during the period April‐October unless a second vehicle is used. Although a second sweeper might not be financed in the same manner a primary sweeper, for the sake of keeping cost estimates simple, the vehicle finance cost was doubled to account for the additional sweeper in the bi‐weekly sweeping scenario. Labor and fuel costs also double compared to monthly sweeping making the total cost for bi‐weekly sweeping 2X the cost of monthly sweeping. Total load recovery increases over baseline and monthly sweeping when street are swept bi‐ weekly, but sweeping efficiency (lb/curb‐mile recovered) tends to decrease as sweeping intervals decrease. For this reason, bi‐weekly sweeping is less cost‐effective than monthly sweeping; however, the cost‐effectiveness of bi‐weekly sweeping with a higher‐efficiency sweeper is comparable to baseline sweeping with a mechanical broom sweeper. Based on the assumption outlined above, the cost basis for baseline sweeping with a mechanical broom sweeping is $33.50, and with a regenerative air sweeper $34 per curb‐mile of sweeping. Total cost ad cost‐efficiencies for bi‐weekly sweeping are summarized in Table 12 and outlined in detail in Table 13 ‐ Table 15 . Table 12. Cost and cost‐efficiency of street sweeping in defined sweeping zones (Appendix B) for bi‐weekly  sweeping by major subwatershed.  Sweeper Type HUC 12 Watershed Cost ($)  Cost‐efficiency,  Phosphorus Recovery  ($/lb‐P)  Cost‐efficiency,  Phosphorus Reduction ($/lb‐P)  Mechanical  Broom  Minnehaha Creek 57,528 344 514  Ninemile Creek 112800 274 537  Higher  Efficiency  Minnehaha Creek 58,665 244 366  Ninemile Creek 115,269 194 391  *Based on estimated sub‐catchment pollutant removal efficiency, see section 6.3.2.     EOR: water | ecology | community Page | 23  Table 13. Summary of estimated costs and cost‐efficiencies of phosphorus recovery within direct drainage areas for each waterbody (see 5.1) for baseline, monthly, and bi‐weekly sweeping scenarios.   Estimates are based on recovery using a mechanical broom sweeper. The cost basis for estimates is $54 (baseline) ‐ $33.50 (monthly, bi‐weekly) per curb‐mile of sweeping. Recovered Phosphorus (lb)* Baseline  Sweeping Costs Monthly  Sweeping Costs Bi‐weekly Sweeping Costs HUC 8 Waterbody Service Level Curb‐miles Baseline Monthly Bi‐weekly $ $/lb‐P $ $/lb‐P $ $/lb‐P Minnehaha Creek  HUC 070102060605 Harvey Lake Low 1.1 0.7 1.5 2.1 $               119   $              170   $               259    $                172    $              517    $                246 Lake Pamela South High 8.1 8.7 12.7 18.6 $               879   $              101   $            1,906   $                150   $           3,812   $                205 Lake Pamela North High 5.8 6.2 17.9 26.1 $            1,507   $              243   $            3,267    $                182    $           6,533    $                250 Melody Lake High 10.6 5.9 12.1 17.6 $            1,149   $              195   $            2,491   $                206   $           4,982   $                283 Minnehaha Creek (all other*) (TMDLs) 96.8 40.9 88.3 129 $          10,495   $              257   $          22,748    $                258    $        45,496    $                353 Minnehaha Creek Subtotal* 122.4 56.2 114.5 167.2 $           14,443  $         13,270   $              236   $           28,764   $              251   $        57,528  Ninemile Creek HUC 070200121108 Arrowhead Lake  (Landlocked basin) High 5.7 3.5 7.1 10.3 $               618   $              177   $            1,340    $                189    $           2,679    $                260 Centennial Lakes Low/No 6.7 5 9.9 14.7  $               726   $              145   $            1,575   $                159   $           3,149   $                214 Cornelia North High 43.5 17.4 35.7 52 $            4,716   $              271   $          10,223    $                286    $        20,445    $                393 Cornelia South High 3.7 19.2 39 56.9 $            5,117   $              267   $          11,092   $                284   $        22,184   $                390 Hawkes Lake Low 19.2 14.9 30.3 44.4 $            3,025   $              203   $            6,557    $                216    $        13,113    $                295 Highland Lake Low 8.7 5.9 11.4 16.4 $               943   $              160   $            2,045   $                179   $           4,089   $                249 Indianhead Lake   (Landlocked basin) Medium 3.9 2.8 5.7 8.3 $               423   $              151   $               917    $                161    $           1,833    $                221 Lake Edina High 19.4 31.2 63.5 92.6 $            7,221   $              231   $          15,651   $                246   $        31,302   $                338 Long Brake Trail Low 3.1 2.1 4.3 6.4 $                336  $              160   $               729    $                169    $           1,457    $                228 Mirror Lake Low 8.9 4.1 8.4 12.2 $                965  $              235   $            2,092   $                249   $           4,183   $                343 Mud Lake Low 11.2 19.8 43.9 67 $             4,239  $              214   $            9,189    $                209    $        18,377    $                275 Ninemile Creek (all other*) (Future TMDL) 122.6 63.9 141.5 234.3 $          13,292   $              208   $          28,811   $                204   $        57,622   $                246 Ninemile Creek Subtotal* 240.0 121.1 261.6 412.3 $           31,818  $           26,020  $              215    $          56,400    $              216    $        112,800 * Recovered TP loads for direct drainage areas only (does not include loads recovered from streets located in upstream drainage areas). Recovery with mechanical broom sweeper.   TOTAL $           41,058  $              218    $           88,995    $                223    $      177,989    $                290   EOR: water | ecology | community Page | 24  Table 14. Summary of estimated costs and cost‐efficiencies of phosphorus recovery within direct drainage areas for each waterbody (see 5.1) for baseline, monthly, and bi‐weekly sweeping scenarios.   Estimates are based on recovery using a regenerative air (or similar) sweeping technology. The cost basis for estimates is $56.50 (baseline) ‐ $34 (monthly, bi‐weekly) per curb‐mile of sweeping. Recovered Phosphorus (lb)* Baseline  Sweeping Costs Monthly  Sweeping Costs Bi‐weekly Sweeping Costs HUC 8 Waterbody Service Level Curb‐miles Baseline Monthly Bi‐weekly $ $/lb‐P $ $/lb‐P $ $/lb‐P Minnehaha Creek  HUC 070102060605 Harvey Lake Low 1.1 0.9 2.1 3 $              124    $              138    $              264    $          125.53    $              527    $                176 Lake Pamela South High 8.1 8.3 18.2 26.8 $              917   $              110   $           1,944   $                107   $           3,887   $                145 Lake Pamela North High 5.8 3.3 7.4 10.8 $              655    $              198    $           1,388    $                188    $           2,775    $                257 Melody Lake High 10.6 7.8 17.3 25.3 $          1,198   $              154   $           2,540   $                147   $           5,080   $                201 Minnehaha Creek (all other*) (TMDLs) 96.8 54.4 126.2 185.7 $        10,944    $              201    $         23,198    $                184    $         46,395    $                250 Minnehaha Creek Subtotal* 122.4 74.7 163.8 240.8 $        13,839   $              185   $          29,332   $                179   $         58,665   $                366 Ninemile Creek HUC 070200121108 Arrowhead Lake  (Landlocked basin) High 5.7 4.6 10.1 14.8 $              644    $              140    $           1,366    $                135    $           2,732    $                185 Centennial Lakes Low/No 6.7 6.7 14.2 21.2  $              758   $              113   $           1,606   $                113   $           3,211   $                151 Cornelia North High 43.5 23.2 51.0 74.9 $          4,918    $              212    $         10,425    $                204    $        20,849    $                278 Cornelia South High 3.7 2.3 4.8 7.1 $              418   $              182   $              887   $                185   $           1,773   $                250 Hawkes Lake Low 19.2 11.9 27.1 40.3 $          2,171    $              182    $           4,601    $                170    $           9,202    $                228 Highland Lake Low 8.7 7.9 16.3 23.6 $              984   $              125   $           2,085   $                128   $           4,170   $                177 Indianhead Lake   (Landlocked basin) Medium 3.9 3.7 8.1 11.9 $              441    $              119    $              935    $                115    $           1,869    $                157 Lake Edina High 19.4 16.0 35.0 51.4 $          2,193   $              137   $           4,649   $                133   $           9,298   $                181 Long Brake Trail Low 3.1 2.8 6.2 9.2 $              350    $              125    $              743    $                120    $           1,486    $                161 Mirror Lake Low 8.9 5.4 12.0 17.5 $          1,006   $              186   $           2,133   $                178   $           4,266   $                244 Mud Lake Low 11.2 8.719.332.2 $          1,266    $              146    $           2,684    $                139    $           5,368    $                167 Ninemile Creek (all other*) (Future TMDL) 122.6 92.0202.3337.2 $        13,861   $              151   $         29,380   $                145   $        58,761   $                174 Ninemile Creek Subtotal* 240.0 163.9275.7529 $        27,926    $              170    $         59,192    $                215    $      118,384    $                224 * Recovered TP loads for direct drainage areas only (does not include loads recovered from streets located in upstream drainage areas).  Recovery with high efficiency sweeper.   TOTAL $        41,765    $             175    $          88,525    $               201    $        177,049  $               230    TOTAL regenerative air –  TOTAL mechanical broom $             707    $        236.94    $         413.18    $   92,781.50    $          232.65    $          409.06   % Increase over mechanical broom+12% ‐21% +8% ‐32% +8% ‐32%        EOR: water | ecology | community Page | 25  Table 15. Summary of estimated costs and cost‐efficiencies of phosphorus recovery within the TOTAL drainage area for each waterbody for baseline, monthly, and bi‐weekly sweeping scenarios.   Estimates are based on recovery using a regenerative air (or similar) sweeping technology. The cost basis for estimates is $67 (baseline) ‐ $38 (monthly, bi‐weekly) per curb‐mile of sweeping. Load recovery for monthly sweeping (bold red font) is the most cost‐effective among the scenarios. Baseline Sweeping Costs§ Monthly Sweeping Costs§ Bi‐weekly Sweeping Costs§ HUC 8 Waterbody Service Level Total Curb‐miles* $ $/lb‐P recovered $/lb‐P reduced† $ $/lb‐P recovered $/lb‐P reduced† $ $/lb‐P recovered $/lb‐P reduced† Minnehaha Creek  Harvey Lake Low 1.1  $              147    $              164    $          246    $                 293   $           139   $            209    $              585    $          195    $          293  Lake Pamela South High 8.1  $           1,087   $              131   $          197   $              2,157   $           119   $            178   $           4,315   $          161   $          242  Lake Pamela North1 High 13.9  $           1,863    $              161    $          241    $              3,697   $           144   $            217    $           7,395    $          197    $          295  Melody Lake High 10.6  $           1,420   $              182   $          273   $              2,820   $           163   $            245   $           5,639   $          223   $          335  Minnehaha Creek  (all other*) (TMDLs) 96.8  $        12,971    $              238    $          358    $            25,749   $           204   $            306    $        51,498    $          277    $          416  Minnehaha Creek Subtotal 122.4  $        16,402   $              220   $          330   $            32,558   $           199   $            298   $        65,117   $          270   $          406  Ninemile Creek Arrowhead Lake (Landlocked basin) High 5.7  $              764    $              166    $          218    $              1,516   $           150   $            200    $           3,032    $          205    $          271  Centennial Lakes Low/No 6.7  $              898   $              134   $          143   $              1,782   $           126   $            133   $           3,564   $          168   $          178  Cornelia North High 43.5  $           5,829    $              251    $          347    $            11,571   $           227   $            313    $        23,142    $          309    $          426  Cornelia South2 High 47.2  $           6,325   $              248   $          541   $            12,555   $           225   $            470   $        25,110   $          306   $          666  Hawkes Lake3 Low 27.9  $           3,739    $              189    $          290    $              7,421   $           171   $            264    $        14,843    $          232    $          351  Highland Lake Low 8.7  $           1,166   $              148   $          162   $              2,314   $           142   $            146   $           4,628   $          196   $          200  Indianhead Lake  (Landlocked basin) Medium 3.9  $              523    $              141    $          163    $              1,037   $           128   $            146    $           2,075    $          174    $          198  Lake Edina4 High 66.6  $           8,924   $              215   $          358   $            17,716   $           195   $            326   $        35,431   $          266   $          444  Long Brake Trail Low 3.1  $              415    $              148    $          260    $                 825   $           133   $            243    $           1,649    $          179    $          330  Mirror Lake Low 8.9  $           1,193   $              221   $          259   $              2,367   $           197   $            232   $           4,735   $          271   $          318  Mud Lake5 Low 39.1  $           5,266    $              185    $          596    $            10,454   $           167   $            538    $        20,908    $          218    $          702  Ninemile Creek  (all other*) (Future TMDL) 122.6  $        16,428   $              179   $          365   $            32,612   $           161   $            329   $        65,223   $          193   $          395  Ninemile Creek Subtotal 256.6  $        32,227    $              189    $          379    $            63,973   $           171   $            343    $      127,946    $          216    $          434  TOTAL  $        50,813    $              196    $          344    $         100,867   $           177   $            312    $      201,734    $          229    $          406  *Total curb‐miles and include upstream areas.   §Cost‐efficiency based on cumulative phosphorus recovery and load reductions (recovered loads and load reductions as reported in Table 7 ‐ Table 9) †For Minnehaha Creek, load reductions are estimated at 66.7% of the recovered load (see discussion in sections 6.1.2, 6.2.2, and 6.3.2). 1 Upstream priority water = Pamela South 2 Upstream priority water = Cornelia North 3 Upstream priority water = Highland Lake 4 Upstream priority water = Cornelia South, Cornelia North 5 Upstream priority water = Hawkes Lake, Highland Lake   EOR: water | ecology | community Page | 26   7. Recommendations Although current street sweeping practices include sweepings that are expected to be among the most efficient (lb/curb‐mile), the cost‐efficiency ($/lb recovered) of sweeping could be improved significantly by using a regenerative air or other high efficiency street sweeper. Based on the expected recovery for different sweeper types and sweeping frequencies, the following recommendations are made:  Upgrade street sweeping vehicle(s) to regenerative air or other high‐efficiency sweeper type to realize an increase in cost‐efficiency of about 21% for baseline sweeping. This is expected to increase total cost for baseline sweeping by about 12%, but will increase load recovery of solids by 47% and recovery of phosphorus by 33%.  Increase the number of sweeping to monthly sweeping during the snow–free season or similar. Utilizing street sweeping vehicles during a greater portion of the year decreases the cost‐basis ($/curb‐mile) of sweeping compared to baseline and improves cost‐efficiency. Sweeping at monthly intervals with a high efficiency sweeper in priority watersheds is expected to increase the recovery of solids by 250% and the recovery of phosphorous by 200% compared to current practice. The cost‐basis is lowered from about $59/curb‐mile to about $38/curb‐mile of sweeping and the cost‐efficiency is improved from $237/lb‐P recovered to $177/lb‐P recovered.  Consider additional sweeping in high priority watersheds (waterbodies with high service level). Addition sweeping may require increasing the size of the street sweeping fleet. Depending on how well sweeping are utilized, the cost‐efficiency of sweeping at bi‐weekly (or higher) frequency may be comparable to that of current practices and the cost of phosphorus recovery relatively inexpensive compared to recovery through structural BMPs.      EOR: water | ecology | community Page | 27   8. References Barr Engineering.  2011. City of Edina Comprehensive Water Resources Management Plan.  Berretta C., S. Raje, and J.J.  Sansalone. Quantifying Nutrient Loads Associated with Urban Particulate  Matter (PM), and Biogenic/Litter Recovery Through Current MS4 Source Control and Maintenance  Practices. University of Florida, College of Engineering, Gainsville, Florida: Florida Stormwater  Association Education Foundation (FSAEF); 2011 Final Report: 31 May 2011.  City of Edina, 2011. City of Edina, Comprehensive Water Resources Management Plan, available through  the City of Edina: http://edinamn.gov/?section=engineering_water_resource  City of Edina, 2014. Lake & Pond Management Policy, Amendment to the Comprehensive Water  Resources Management Plan, available through the City of Edina:  http://edinamn.gov/?section=engineering_water_resource  Emmons and Olivier Resources, Inc. 2014a. Phase I – Preliminary Assessment of Data and Proposed Strategy for Sweeping Prioritization. Technical memo to the City of Edina, 8/11/2014. Emmons and Olivier Resources, Inc. 2014b. Preliminary estimates of pollutant load recovery through enhanced street sweeping. Technical memo to the City of Edina, 10/6/2014.  Emmons and Olivier Resources, Inc. 2014c. Preliminary estimates of pollutant load recovery through enhanced street sweeping. Technical memo to the City of Edina, Revision dated 10/27/2014.  Kalinosky, P., Baker, L., Hobbie, S., Bintner, R., Buyarski, C. 2013.  Quantifying Nutrient Removal through  Targeted, Intensive Street Sweeping, Presentation, LID Symposium, August 20, 2013.  Minnesota Department of Transportations (MNDOT). 2008.  Resource for Implementing a Street  Sweeping Best Practice, MN/RC – 2008RIC06.    Minnesota Pollution Control Agency (MPCA) 2013. MS4 SWPPP Application for Reauthorization, City of  Edina, MN, reissue date August 1, 2013.  Also available through the City of Edina:  http://edinamn.gov/?section=engineering_storm_water      Appendix A  EOR: water | ecology | community Page | 28   Appendix A Street sweeping zones  Figure 2 . Direct drainage area for Arrowhead Lake includes upstream catchments of non‐priority ponds. The service level for Arrowhead Lake is ‘high’. Appendix A  EOR: water | ecology | community Page | 29   Figure 3. Direct drainage area for Cornelia Lake North (includes upstream catchments of non‐priority ponds). The service level for Cornelia Lake North is ‘high’. Appendix A  EOR: water | ecology | community Page | 30   Figure 4. Direct drainage area for Cornelia Lake South (includes upstream catchments of non‐priority ponds). The service level for Cornelia Lake South is ‘high’. Appendix A  EOR: water | ecology | community Page | 31   Figure 5. Direct drainage area for Harvey Lake. The service level for Highlands Lake is ‘low’. Appendix A  EOR: water | ecology | community Page | 32   Figure 6. Direct drainage area for Hawkes Lake (includes upstream catchments of non‐priority ponds). The service level for Hawkes Lake is ‘low’. Appendix A  EOR: water | ecology | community Page | 33   Figure 7. Direct drainage area for Highland Lake (includes upstream catchments of non‐priority ponds). The service level for Highland Lake is ‘low’. Appendix A  EOR: water | ecology | community Page | 34   Figure 8. Direct drainage area for Indianhead Lake (includes upstream catchments of non‐priority ponds). The service level for Indianhead is ‘medium’. Appendix A  EOR: water | ecology | community Page | 35   Figure 9. Direct drainage area for Lake Edina. The service level for Lake Edina is ‘high’. Appendix A  EOR: water | ecology | community Page | 36   Figure 10. Direct drainage area for Melody Lake. The service level for Melody Lake is ‘high’. Appendix A  EOR: water | ecology | community Page | 37     Figure 11. Direct drainage area for Mirror Lake (includes upstream catchments of non‐priority ponds). The service level for Mirror Lake is ‘low’. Appendix A  EOR: water | ecology | community Page | 38   Figure 12. Direct drainage area for Mud Lake (includes upstream catchments of non‐priority ponds). The service level for Mud Lake is ‘low’.   Appendix A  EOR: water | ecology | community Page | 39     Figure 13. Direct drainage area for Minnehaha Creek (does not include drainage areas for upstream priority waters or landlocked subbasins). Water quality goals include the Lake Hiawatha TMDLs for excess nutrients and Minnehaha Creek 303d listings (see Section 3.2). Appendix A  EOR: water | ecology | community Page | 40     Figure 14. Direct drainage area for Ninemile Creek (does not include drainage areas for upstream priority waters or landlocked subbasins). Water quality goals include impairments for aquatic life and aquatic recreation for Ninemile Creek (see Section 3.2). Appendix B EOR: water | ecology | community Page | 41  Appendix B Tree Canopy Examples  Examples of very low canopy cover (canopy rating score =1)     Appendix B EOR: water | ecology | community Page | 42  Examples of low canopy cover (canopy rating score=2)       Appendix B EOR: water | ecology | community Page | 43  Examples of medium canopy cover (canopy rating score=3.0)        Appendix B EOR: water | ecology | community Page | 44  Examples of medium‐high canopy cover (canopy rating score =4.0)       Appendix B EOR: water | ecology | community Page | 45  Examples of very high canopy cover (canopy rating score =5).    Appendix C  EOR: water | ecology | community Page | 46   Appendix C Excerpted from EOR, 10/6/2014  III. Load Recovery for Different Sweeper Types The range of reported street sweeper pick‐up efficiencies is fairly broad, but some trends are consistent across different sources. In general, the pickup performance of street sweepers decreases with particle size, but the difference across particle size classes is greater for mechanical broom technologies than for higher efficiency sweepers (regenerative air or vacuum) (Figure 15). Higher efficiency sweepers generally outperform mechanical sweepers across all particle size classes, however, for the largest material (rock, trash), differences may be minimal. Figure 15. Comparison of removal efficiencies, mechanical broom and vacuum sweeper technologies, fine and coarse particle size ranges as reported in MNDOT, 2008.   In addition to variation with particle size, sweeper pick up efficiency tends to decrease with loading intensity and the gap in performance between higher efficiency and mechanical broom sweepers tends to widen as load intensities decreases (Table 16). Based on the influence of particle‐size and loading intensity, discount levels for mechanical broom were set at two levels. For those months of the year when load intensity tends to be greatest (March through April and mid‐September through mid‐November), predicted load recovery was reduced 10‐15% for coarse material (>2mm) and 30% for fine material (< 2mm). At other times of the year, predicted loads were reduced by 20% for coarse material and 40% for fine material. The expected proportion of fine and coarse material for different months of the year was taken from monitored load recovery in Prior Lake, MN (Table 17). Fine material tends to dominate street accumulations in the early spring but the ratio of fine to coarse material decreases from spring to autumn (Kalinosky, 2014). The ratio of fine to coarse material also depends on over‐street tree canopy density. Fine to coarse ratio for ‘medium’ canopy cover were used to estimate the reduced efficiency of mechanical broom compared regenerative air technology at different time of the year. Appendix C  EOR: water | ecology | community Page | 47   The classification of ‘fine’ and ‘coarse’ material in Table 17Error! Reference source not found. is different than the NURP particle sizes classes. For this reason, the discount in pick‐up performance for fine material was decreased compared to the reported average for silt and clay shown in Error! Reference source not found.. The discount for coarse material was increased somewhat compared to the reported average to for very fine sand to gravel because organic material, which can make up a significant portion of recovered loads, was not included in performance testing. Table 16. Comparison of overall pick‐up efficiencies for different sweeping technologies and loading intensities (Sutherland, 1995). Efficiencies are based on pick up of street dirt simulant, NURP particle size distribution 13% fine (d < 63 m), 40% medium (250 m  d  2000 m), and 47% coarse (d ≥ 2000 m). Pavement  Loading (lbs/acre)   Pickup Efficiency* (%)   NURP  Mechanical  Newer  Mechanical  Regenerative  Air  Vacuum  Sweeper  10 0% 31% 50% 70%  100 28% 55% 87% 89%  250 45% 66% 89% 89%  500 53% 70% 90% 89%  1000 57% 71% 91% 89%  Table 17. Ratio of fine (< 2mm) to coarse organic (>2mm) solids by month for different tree canopy cover ratings. (Kalinosky, et. al, 2014). Medium canopy is taken to represent ‘average’ ratios. Canopy Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov  Low 180.3 43.6 24.0 20.2 25.0 15.0 8.7 3.2 14.1 Medium 22.1 14.5 10.8 15.2 10.4 6.6 3.9 1.3 1.4 High 22.8 7.0 6.5 7.5 10.0 5.9 3.7 0.9 1.2 Finally, since the character of the material that accumulates on street changes from one season to the next, the concentration of nutrients in each particle size fraction also varies with season (Figure 16). To estimate the total phosphorus recovered by mechanical broom sweepers, the same discounts for coarse and fine loads were applied to expected phosphorus recovery, but the ratio of coarse to fine loads were based on results for phosphorus recovery in Prior Lake (coarse : fine phosphorus as opposed to coarse: fine total solids). The discounts reported in Table 6 are the average for months included as high or low loading intensity with the value for each month computed as follows: Total discount, high intensity months = (10‐15% X expected ratio of coarse solids/phosphorus) + (20% X expected ratio or fine solids/phosphorus) Appendix C  EOR: water | ecology | community Page | 48   Total discount, low intensity months = (20% X expected ratio of coarse solids/phosphorus) + (40% X expected ratio or fine solids/phosphorus) Figure 16. Seasonal pattern in the partitioning of solids and nutrients between the fine and coarse fractions of sweeper waste.     0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov DecPercent Total Load as Coarse OrganicDry Solids Phosphorus Nitrogen   EOR: water | ecology | community Page | 49   Appendix D Table 18. Summary of P8 ponds by priority water.  Priority waters modeling in P8 are shown in bold font.    (Pollutant removal efficiencies for priority waters were applied in estimates of load reduction to other, downstream  waterbodies and not to the waterbody itself).  Priority Watershed  Device  Name  Device  Type  TP Removal  Efficiency  TSS Removal  Efficiency  Comment  Arrowhead Lake AH_1 pond 95%100% landlocked basin  Arrowhead Lake AH_32 pond 41%73%  upstream to  landlocked basin  Arrowhead Lake AH_4 pond 61%94%  upstream to  landlocked basin  Arrowhead Lake AH_6 pond 57%89%  upstream to  landlocked basin  Colonial Ponds CO‐2 pond 82%99%    Colonial Ponds CO_1 pond 57%95%    Colonial Ponds CO_4 pond 51%94%    Colonial Ponds CO_7 pond 67%98%    Colonial Ponds CO_5 pond 73%97%    Colonial Ponds CO_3 pond 63%97%    Eden Prairie EP_1 pond 44%76%    Hawkes Lake HL_24 pond 63%96%    Hawkes Lake HL_1 general 43%      Hawkes Lake HL_44 pond 100%100%    Hawkes Lake HL_40 pond 66%98%    Hawkes Lake HL_28 pond 50%96%    Hawkes Lake HL_9 pond 57%91%    Hawkes Lake HL_39 pond 100%100% landlocked basin  Hawkes Lake HL_13 pond 64%97% landlocked basin  Hawkes Lake HL_50 pond 99%100% landlocked basin  Highlands Lake HI_22 pond 62%97%    Highlands Lake HI_21 pond 60%99%    Highlands Lake HI_20 pond 100%100%    Highlands Lake HI_17 pond 59%97%    Highlands Lake HI_5 pond 44%94%    Highlands Lake HI_1 general 58%      Highlands Lake HI_18 general 44%98%    Highlands Lake HI_13 pond 100%100% landlocked basin  Indian Pond IP_1 pond 100%100% landlocked basin  Indianhead IH_1 pond 100%100% landlocked basin  Indianhead IH_14 pond 61%93%  upstream to  landlocked basin    EOR: water | ecology | community Page | 50   Priority Watershed  Device  Name  Device  Type  TP Removal  Efficiency  TSS Removal  Efficiency  Comment  Lake Cornelia ‐ North NC_62 pond 44%95%    Lake Cornelia ‐ North NC_88 general 51%82%    Lake Cornelia ‐ North NC_30 general 73%99%    Lake Cornelia ‐ North NC_2 general 31%88%    Lake Cornelia ‐ North NC_5 general 62%93%    Lake Cornelia ‐ North NC_4 general 52%82%    Lake Cornelia ‐ North NC_3 general 37%78%    Lake Cornelia ‐ North NC_78 pond 67%99% landlocked basin  Lake Cornelia ‐ North NC_72 pond 46%86% landlocked basin  Lake Cornelia ‐ North NC_135 pond 100%100% landlocked basin  Lake Cornelia ‐ North NC_6 pond 100%100% landlocked basin  Lake Cornelia ‐ South SC_1 general 12%93%    Lake Cornelia ‐ South SC_2 pond 21%56%    Lake Cornelia ‐ South SC_3 pond 66%97%    Lake Edina LE_38 general 39%71%    Lake Edina LE_1 general 28%94%    Lake Edina LE_51 pond 100%100% landlocked basin  Lake Edina LE_54 pond 100%100% landlocked basin  Lake Edina LE_44 pond 100%100% landlocked basin  Long Brake Trail SWP_4 pond 41%97%    Mirror Lake ML_40 pond 36%98%    Mirror Lake ML_38 pond 45%98%    Mirror Lake ML_16 general 58%99%    Mirror Lake ML_32 pond 37%93%    Mirror Lake ML_2 pond 57%91%    Mirror Lake ML_3 pond 63%98%    Mirror Lake ML_19 pond 10%43%    Mirror Lake ML_6 pond 66%98%    Mirror Lake ML_15 pond 71%100%    Mirror Lake ML_1 general 62%99% Lake  Mirror Lake ML_28 pond 100%100% landlocked basin  Mirror Lake ML_26 pond 100%100% landlocked basin  Mirror Lake ML_27 pond 100%100%  upstream to  landlocked basin  Mud Lake MD_1 pond 26%96%    Mud Lake MD_50 pond 8%93%    Mud Lake MD_11 pond 7%61%    Mud Lake MD_2 pond 45%99%    Mud Lake MD_28 pond 67%99%    Mud Lake MD_7 pond 66%98%      EOR: water | ecology | community Page | 51   Priority Watershed  Device  Name  Device  Type  TP Removal  Efficiency  TSS Removal  Efficiency  Comment  Mud Lake MD_21 pond 74%100%    Mud Lake MD_27 general 79%85%    Mud Lake MD_29 pond 64%97%    Mud Lake MD_39 pond 100%100%    Mud Lake MD_3 pond 13%72%    Mud Lake MD_4 pond 66%96%    Mud Lake MD_13 pond 68%99%    Mud Lake MD_15 pond 6%58%    Mud Lake MD_25 general 55%97%    Nine Mile Central NMC_114 pond 37%88%    Nine Mile Central NMC_77 pond 69%99%    Nine Mile Central NMC_112 pond 65%97%    Nine Mile Central NMC_70 pond 51%91%    Nine Mile Central NMC_44 pond 66%98%    Nine Mile North NMN_62 pond 39%91%    Nine Mile North NMN_63 pond 59%86%    Nine Mile North NMN_77 pond 71%97%    Nine Mile North NMN_55 pond 74%99%    Nine Mile North NMN_76 pond 100%100%    Nine Mile North NMN_49 pond 40%78%    Nine Mile North NMN_48 pond 61%94%    Nine Mile North NMN_27 pond 49%      Nine Mile North NMN_20 pond 53%89%    Nine Mile North NMN_24 pond 30%68%    Nine Mile North NMN_84 pond 61%94% landlocked basin  Nine Mile North HL_25 pond 100%100% landlocked basin  Nine Mile North NMN_73 pond 62%86% landlocked basin  Nine Mile North NMN_74 pond 92%99% landlocked basin  Nine Mile North NMN_50 pond 100%100% landlocked basin  Nine Mile North NMN_75 pond 75%100% landlocked basin  Nine Mile South NMS_28 pond 63%92%    Nine Mile South NMS_40 pond 64%93%    Nine Mile South NMS_103 pond 60%93%    Nine Mile South NMS_88 pond 62%99%    Nine Mile South NMS_23 pond 2%13%    Nine Mile South NMS_104 pond 17%45%    Nine Mile South NMS_72 pond 15%40%    Nine Mile South NMS_74 pond 14%48%    Nine Mile South NMS_79 pond 53%90%      EOR: water | ecology | community Page | 52   Priority Watershed  Device  Name  Device  Type  TP Removal  Efficiency  TSS Removal  Efficiency  Comment  Nine Mile South NMS_76 pond 49%79%    Nine Mile South NMS_84 pond 100%100% landlocked basin  Nine Mile South Fork NMSB_3 pond 37%76%    Nine Mile South Fork NMSB_57 pond 31%83%    Nine Mile South Fork NMSB_90 general 3%22%    Nine Mile South Fork NMSB_8 pond 66%91%    Nine Mile South Fork NMSB_86 pond 1%16%    Nine Mile South Fork NMSB_85 general 31%69%    Nine Mile South Fork NMSB_7 pond 27%59%    Nine Mile South Fork NMSB_5 pond 50%99%    Nine Mile South Fork NMSB_62 pond 18%96%    Nine Mile South Fork NMSB_33 pond 68%100%    Nine Mile South Fork NMSB_12 pond 3%13%    Nine Mile South Fork NMSB_6 pond 48%96%    Nine Mile South Fork NMSB_2 pond 11%35%    Nine Mile South Fork NMSB_34 pond 77%100%    Nine Mile South Fork NMSB_15 general 16%49%    Nine Mile South Fork NMSB_59 pond 95%99% landlocked basin  Pawnee Pond PA_6 pond 64%96%    Pawnee Pond PA_1 general 61%97%    Pawnee Pond PA_9 pond 100%100% landlocked basin  Southwest Ponds SWP_47 pond 62%94%    Southwest Ponds SWP_34 pond 36%87%    Southwest Ponds SWP_59 pond 62%95%    Southwest Ponds SWP_35 pond 53%89%    Southwest Ponds SWP_2 pond 24%89%    Southwest Ponds SWP_1 pond 5%71%    Southwest Ponds SWP_3 pond 67%98%    Southwest Ponds SWP_10 pond 67%96%    Southwest Ponds SWP_5 pond 24%80%    Southwest Ponds SWP_14 pond 65%99%    Southwest Ponds SWP_57 pond 100%100%    Southwest Ponds SWP_37 pond 74%99% landlocked basin  Southwest Ponds SWP_40 pond 100%100% landlocked basin  Southwest Ponds SWP_31 pond 100%100% landlocked basin  Southwest Ponds SWP_33 pond 100%100% landlocked basin  Southwest Ponds SWP_58 pond 74%99% landlocked basin  Southwest Ponds SWP_9 pond 100%100% landlocked basin    Date: September 13, 2018 Agenda Item #: VII.A. To:Energy and Environment Commission Item Type: Other From:Tara Brown, Sustainability Coordinator Item Activity: Subject:Energy and Environment Comprehensive Plan Discussion CITY OF EDINA 4801 West 50th Street Edina, MN 55424 www.edinamn.gov ACTION REQUESTED: Provide feedback on draft. INTRODUCTION: Attached is the draft of Energy and Environment Chapter for the Comprehensive Plan. It is written and organized in a manner consistent with all other chapters. At this meeting, EEC members will provide feedback. Feedback will be incorporated and second draft reviewed at October 11 EEC meeting in which the consultant working on the chapter will be present. Anticipating this draft will be presented to the Planning Commission at the October 24 meeting. ATTACHMENTS: Description Draft Energy and Environment Chapter EEC Comp Plan Info Submitted in April Handout from Meeting: Memo from Chair Jackson Sept. 13, 2018 Page 1 I. Environment Chapter Highlights • Edina has demonstrated a strong interest in taking a leadership role on sustainability. There are many options for how this can be pursued – from the scale of an individual household to national policy advocacy. • Climate change is demonstrating impacts today, with more in the future. • An approach to sustainability can focus on key areas of intervention (e.g. energy, waste, environmental quality), but also should be reflected in the way the city is designed, developed, and functions. • Key decisions involve how the City operations leads by example, and what the community requires of each other, both residents and businesses. Introduction The citizens of Edina are ready for Edina to be a leader in sustainability and quality of life. Each development decision must consider the ‘triple bottom line’ – people, planet and profit – so that the economic factors are not favored over the health and welfare of the City’s natural environment and/or its residents in present and future decisions. The City of Edina supports environmental policy and practices values that positively impact the community. Environmental stewardship was identified as one of seven key strategic focus areas for the City. Vision Edina stated: “Community residents and stakeholders believe that Edina can take an active and ambitious internal and regional leadership role in embedding environmental stewardship principles through actions such as promoting more comprehensive recycling, smart building and energy efficiency practices.” • This includes clean energy, reduction of GHG emissions, clean water, responsible management of solid waste, clean air, transportation, ecological health and wise management of natural resources. • This means actions throughout the city which includes all parts of the city: city operations, commercial, industrial and residential. • This addresses trade-offs that occur when working to meet multiple goals, including environmental, fiscal/economic, and quality of life. • This proactively pursues resiliency and adaptation in the face of a changing climate. This chapter will outline both existing conditions and progress to date on a number of City led initiatives. Definitions Environment: factors that act upon a community and ultimately determine its form and survival, including the impact humans have on natural resources. Sustainability: protecting regional vitality for future generations by preserving our capacity to maintain and support our region’s well-being and productivity. Resilience: the ability to recover from a disaster that could have been prevented or mitigated with sustainable practices. Edina Comprehensive Plan Environment Chapter 082818 Draft Page 2 Edina’s Commitment to Sustainability From the early 1970’s, with the establishment of its first Environmental Quality Commission, Edina has sought to be on the forefront of environmental and natural resource issues. The past decade in particular has represented strong action in that area, particularly around energy and climate change topics. The City of Edina established a citizen Energy and Environment Commission (EEC) in 2007 to promote sustainability initiatives and to advise the City Council. The commission is comprised of Edina residents focused on specific sustainability topics. The commission creates a work plan annually, and recent focus has been on carbon reduction. As of 2016, the EEC has been supported by a full-time staff sustainability coordinator. Since its founding, the EEC has overseen a number of sustainability initiatives, as summarized in the sidebar to the right. A particular early focus has been on municipal facilities, looking for opportunities for the city to lead by example. The 2008 comprehensive plan was an opportunity to set some goals for future actions, including benchmarks for progress. This plan set some specific goals related to greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction:15% reduction by 2015, 25% reduction by 2025, 80% reduction by 2050 (based on the state 2007 Next Generation Energy Act). When the 2015 goal was not met, this was a wakeup call to do more. The Conservation and Sustainability Fund was created to fund a dedicated resource to manage and measure carbon reduction actions. An important tool in meeting those goals was the development of an energy action plan, to develop a citywide strategy for energy use reduction. In 2016, the City completed its Electricity Action Plan, the first element of this plan. Additional action plans are anticipated to be completed in the following years, as outlined in this plan. Key Edina Sustainability Milestones 2007: Became a participant in the Regional Indicators Initiative (RII) Established EEC Signed U.S. Mayor’s Climate Protection Agreement Became an ICLEI City for Climate Protection 2008: Energy and Environment chapter in the Comprehensive Plan 2009: Completed Greenhouse Gas Inventory 2010: Began benchmarking City Buildings; Installed a closed loop geothermal system at the Public Works building 2011: Entered into a Guaranteed Energy Savings Contract; Joined GreenStep Cities; Installed solar panels on the roof of City Hall 2012-2016: LED lighting retrofits in multiple public buildings 2015: Established Conservation and Sustainability Fund 2016: Hired sustainability coordinator; completed Electricity Station Plan 2017: Participation in Community Resilience-Building Workshop Series 2018: MN GreenCorps member provided recommendations to green City Fleet and meet GHG goals Edina Comprehensive Plan Environment Chapter 082818 Draft Page 3 Current Conditions Much of the data in this section is drawn from Edina’s participation in the Regional Indicators Initiative, a Twin Cites metro project to measure municipal performance data. Cities who participated in this initiative did so as part of a commitment to increase their overall efficiency and level of sustainability. Data was collected across areas of energy, water, travel, and waste, and corresponding GHG emissions and costs were calculated for each area. For the purposes of comparison, data are also included for several adjacent communities with comparable conditions. Energy Use Energy use in Edina and comparable communities has been gradually decreasing over time, coinciding with a focus on increasing energy efficiency. Commercial energy use accounts for a larger portion of the city’s energy use than residential, which aligns with the fairly high ratio of jobs to residents in Edina. An analysis of electricity use from 2014 showed that the community used a total of 584 million kWh of electricity. Commercial and industrial use accounted for 60% of the total, residential use was 34%, and municipal and school operations were 5%. When considering energy used per capita, Edina consumes the second largest amount of energy (behind Bloomington). In 2013, Edina consumed 27.6 tons of carbon dioxide worth energy per capita per day. However, this may be changing; Edina may drop to third largest consumer due to a combination of Edina residents’ decreased energy use and increased energy use per capita of Minnetonka residents. Bloomington and Richfield excluded as high and low outliers to better display variation in data. Their data follows the same patterns as the 4 cities given, just at much higher (Bloomington) and lower (Richfield) totals When digging into the numbers, Residential energy use per capita is higher than other comparable suburbs and uses 25% more electricity per capita than the average Minnesota city. 3,500,000 4,000,000 4,500,000 5,000,000 5,500,000 6,000,000 6,500,000 7,000,000 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Total Energy in Btu, 2007-2013 St. Louis Park Edina Minnetonka Eden Prairie Edina Comprehensive Plan Environment Chapter 082818 Draft Page 4 Edina Comprehensive Plan Environment Chapter 082818 Draft Page 5 On the business, energy use per job is lower than the average Edina Comprehensive Plan Environment Chapter 082818 Draft Page 6 Edina Comprehensive Plan Environment Chapter 082818 Draft Page 7 Table XX – Percent Change in Total Energy Use 2007 - 2008 2008 - 2009 2009 - 2010 2010 - 2011 2011 - 2012 2012 - 2013 Edina 7% -3% -4% 3% -11% 15% Richfield 9% -4% -5% 5% -12% 16% Bloomington 6% -5% -4% 4% -10% 13% St. Louis Park 7% -4% -5% 4% -11% 14% Minnetonka 7% -4% -5% 3% -11% 17% Eden Prairie 6% -4% -5% 3% -10% 15% 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Total Energy per Capita per Day, in Tonnes Richfield Bloomington St. Louis Park Edina Minnetonka Eden Prairie Edina Comprehensive Plan Environment Chapter 082818 Draft Page 8 Water Use Edina’s water use decreased from 2007 to 2010 and has been increasing since. Among neighboring cities, Edina consumes the third most amount of water (behind Bloomington and Eden Prairie, and just ahead of Minnetonka). Unlike energy, more of the city’s water use comes from single family residential uses. Commercial water use in the city had been one of the lowest among neighboring cities, but it has been increasing since 2009 and is now the second highest among neighboring cities. This change is likely due to both increased commercial water use in the city (including from new multifamily development) and decreased commercial water use in Eden Prairie and St. Louis Park. Compared to the peer cities, Edina consumes the most water on a per capita basis, at around 133.8 gallons per capita per day. 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Total Energy per Capita per Day, in Tonnes CO2 Edina 900 1,400 1,900 2,400 2,900 3,400 3,900 4,400 4,900 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013MillionsTotal Water use in Gallons, 2007-2013 Richfield Bloomington St. Louis Park Edina Minnetonka Eden Prairie Edina Comprehensive Plan Environment Chapter 082818 Draft Page 9 Bloomington excluded to better show changes in Edina. Bloomington has much higher commercial water uses that have been gradually decreasing since 2007 Vehicles Miles Traveled Compared to neighboring cities, Edina has a median value for total vehicle miles traveled. From 2007- 2013, total vehicle miles have fluctuated between 495 million and 510 million miles annually (about 13,600,000 range). Most cities experienced similar ranges, except for Bloomington. Bloomington saw a sharp decrease in the number of vehicles miles traveled in 2010 (about 200 million miles fewer), and total miles have remained close to 2010 totals since. 400 500 600 700 800 900 1,000 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013MillionsTotal Commercial Water use in Gallons, 2007-2013 Richfield St. Louis Park Edina Minnetonka Eden Prairie 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Total Water Use per Capita per Day, in Gallons Richfield Bloomington St. Louis Park Edina Minnetonka Eden Prairie Edina Comprehensive Plan Environment Chapter 082818 Draft Page 10 In 2013, total vehicle miles traveled per capita per day was 27.88 miles. This rate has been very gradually decreasing since 2007 when the total was 29.69 miles per capita per day. Among neighboring cities, Edina falls in the lower half of total vehicles miles traveled. Waste Production Given available data, most communities have somewhat plateaued in terms of waste reduction efforts. Edina and neighboring communities cut tons of waste and tons of CO2 emitted from 2007 to 2010 but have struggled to make further reductions. In 2013, Edina produced nearly 55,000 tons of waste, creating about 9,900 tons of CO2 emissions. Waste per household per day has decreased in Edina and neighboring communities, but the rate of reductions decreased after 2009. Edina is tied with Bloomington for third among surveyed neighboring cities for most waste per household per day, following Eden Prairie and Richfield. In Edina, the amount of landfilled and incinerated trash has decreased while the amount of recycled trash has remained fairly constant. 200,000,000 400,000,000 600,000,000 800,000,000 1,000,000,000 1,200,000,000 1,400,000,000 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Total Vehicle Miles Traveled, 2007-2013 Richfield Bloomington St. Louis Park Edina Minnetonka Eden Prairie 20 25 30 35 40 45 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Total Vehicle Miles per Capita per Day Richfield Bloomington St. Louis Park Edina Minnetonka Eden Prairie Edina Comprehensive Plan Environment Chapter 082818 Draft Page 11 MPCA’s Metropolitan Solid Waste Mater Plan 2016-2036 was approved on April 6, 2017 and outlined the goals of municipal solid waste with a goal of recycling 75% of waste by 2030. To meet this, the state and County are focusing on diverting organic food waste from landfills. Hennepin County is proposing to amend Ordinance to require cities like Edina to provide residents the opportunity to recycle organics by 2022. 30,000 50,000 70,000 90,000 110,000 130,000 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Total Municipal Waste, in Tons Richfield Bloomington St. Louis Park Edina Minnetonka Eden Prairie 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Waste per Household per Day, in Pounds Richfield Bloomington St. Louis Park Edina Minnetonka Eden Prairie Edina Comprehensive Plan Environment Chapter 082818 Draft Page 12 Greenhouse Gas Emissions CO2 emissions in Edina decreased 17% between 2007 and 2010 and have since remained relatively constant. St. Louis Park and Bloomington also experienced similar trends of decrease from 2007 to 2010 and more recent fluctuation in emissions. Most of the city’s emissions come from energy related sources. Action will need to be taken by the entire community to allow a prosperous and healthy community to grow while reducing its carbon footprint, to lessen impacts on our environment and the changing climate. 6.34 6.34 6.22 6.22 6.25 6.36 6.36 10.31 9.06 8.52 8.45 8.17 8.15 7.78 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Edina Waste per Household per Day, in Pounds Tossed Recycled 100,000 600,000 1,100,000 1,600,000 2,100,000 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Total Greenhouse Gas (CO2) Emissions, in Tonnes Richfield Bloomington St. Louis Park Edina Minnetonka Eden Prairie Edina Comprehensive Plan Environment Chapter 082818 Draft Page 13 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Total Greenhouse Gas (CO2) Emissions per Capita per Year Richfield Bloomington St. Louis Park Edina Minnetonka Eden Prairie Edina Comprehensive Plan Environment Chapter 082818 Draft Page 14 Trends and Challenges Climate change. Climate change is a global challenge, with local implications regarding impacts and policy. Addressing this will require coordinated change on a number of fronts – including reduction of emissions, promotion of alternative energy sources, and alterations in consumption patterns and waste. Climate resilience. In response to the impacts of climate change, there is a need to develop climate resilience – defined as the ability to absorb and respond to stresses, and to adapt and evolve accordingly. This will include identifying vulnerabilities in the community, in terms of both people and resources. Alternative energy availability and cost. Sustainability best practices support the expanded use of alternative energy sources, and the reduction and replacement of ones with large GHG emissions. Costs for renewable energy has reduced significantly at a commercial level. The cost of wind is on parity with coal generation. However, there are still issues regarding the availability and affordability of renewable energy generation on small residential scale (solar PV on a home). Conversion to renewables cannot be done overnight as there is significant infrastructure investment around current energy generation that will take time and substantial resources to replace. Cost and logistics of separating waste and recyclable items. Sustainability also leads to an increased focus on a reduce/reuse/recycle approach to resources – with the goal of reducing overall waste generated. It is critical to capture materials from the waste stream that can be reused. However, the market for materials continues to change which makes recycling expensive to complete. Education and behavior changes for residents and businesses to alter their purchasing and disposal practices will be critical for successful recycling and waste reduction. City’s potential to lead by example. The City of Edina has the ability to set the example for sustainability best practices through its own operations and facilities. It will be important to look at the complete lifecycle of purchases and processes to determine the opportunities to meet sustainability goals and improve the community’s health and resiliency. This will need to be done through a triple- bottom line lens, which identifies the true financial, environmental, and societal costs to allow productive discussion and decision making about the level of commitment needed. Environmental impacts in a fully developed community. Edina exists on land that has mostly been removed from its original ecological and natural function to make way for human development. While there are opportunities to improve this, substantial impacts remain. A fuller picture emerges when looking at how this developed area fits into the larger ecological context of the region. Water resource impacts. Water quantity and quality must be wisely managed to deliver core services of drinking water distribution and source protection, sanitary sewer service, flood protection, runoff management, and clean surface water (lakes, creeks, ponds, and wetlands). Climate change and land use decisions have the biggest impacts on the resilience of our water resources systems. Environmental Stewardship In Vision Edina (2015), the city’s strategic vision framework, environmental stewardship was identified as a strategic focus area. Participants in the process were more supportive of environmentally responsible policies and practices than any other issue area. This reflected an awareness of the impact of the built environment on the natural environment, and a sense of individual and collective responsibility to address this. There also was a strong belief that that Edina can and should take an active and ambitious internal and regional leadership role in embedding environmental stewardship principles through actions such as promoting more comprehensive recycling, smart building, and energy efficiency practices. The Edina Comprehensive Plan Environment Chapter 082818 Draft Page 15 process cited a number of issues to be addressed, including lack of financial incentive for the private sector to pursue environmentally sensitive practices, lack of coordination in waste removal and other environmental services, and increased pressures on City infrastructure and the environment resulting from growth and change. Climate Change The role of a community in addressing the global issue of climate change is necessarily limited as a smaller city not on the global stage. However, the City of Edina has committed to several actions within the community to support this goal. In 2007, Edina joined over 700 cities in signing the U.S. Mayors Climate Protection Agreement. The same year, the City Council voted to join the International Council of Local Environmental Initiative (ICLEI) Cities for Climate Protection (CCP). Copies of these agreements and their related milestones and objectives can be found LINK/APPENDIX. The significance of these actions is a commitment on behalf of the city to identify actions to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the community, primarily through reduction of dependence on fossil fuels. Strategies covered include pursuing clean and efficient energy alternatives, supporting sustainable development approaches, promoting alternative transportation options, encouraging green building techniques, using energy efficient equipment and fleets, increasing water system efficiency, encouraging recycling, maintaining urban forests, clean water landscaping, native prairie restoration, and many related initiatives. Since addressing climate change covers a broad range of topics, they are each discussed in more detail in the following sections Energy Efficiency and Alternatives Addressing energy efficiency and promoting the use of renewable energy alternatives to fossil fuels is a key part of the climate change agenda. At present, the majority of energy consumed in Edina uses non- renewable sources, and (though progress has been made) Edina consumes energy at a higher rate than many other communities. Through the City’s Electricity Action Plan and other assessment work, the City has been engaged in understanding energy usage patterns in the city, and identifying strategies to promote solutions that fit for the community. The approach to addressing energy efficiency and alternatives in Edina has been focused on two main areas of influence: leading by example through municipal facilities and operations, and encouraging and incentivizing private sector action. Solar access protection, a state-required element, is also part of the City’s approach to promoting alternative energy. Municipal Facilities and Operations A core priority of the City and the EEC has been to lead by example by operating city facilities sustainably. To ensure action, City Council setup the Conservation and Sustainability Fund to establish a dedicated resource and funding for initial energy efficiency investments. Currently, the efficiency projects are focused on facilities with a high Energy Use Intensity (EUI) and purchasing high efficiency products when a system, like lighting or HVAC, come up for replacement. Transportation is another GHG emitter. The current fleet is being reviewed and recommended actions are being implemented to meet a 30% reduction goal. Edina Comprehensive Plan Environment Chapter 082818 Draft Page 16 Private Sector Development The City’s influence on the private sector is less direct, but no less important. The City has taken on a role of supporting community education around energy efficiency and other sustainability initiatives. Examples of initiatives include home energy fairs and energy house parties. These efforts also involve partners such as the Home Energy Squad or Center for Energy and the Environment, and tabling at other community events. Education with businesses in the community regarding opportunities to increase energy efficiency, such as utilizing programs, have proven more challenging as there are many decision makers between tenant, property manager, and building owner. Cities have taken on green building policies, energy benchmarking, and other policies to ensure data and standards are available to assist in encouraging sustainable building construction and maintenance. To date, the City has created a toolkit for builders when applying for permits that encourages sustainable practices. There may be additional need to revisit regulations to determine if additional incentives or requirements are merited to further encourage sustainable development. Solar Access Protection One important contribution the City can make in the transition to renewable energy sources is to protect the access that individual residents, businesses and industry have to renewable sources of energy. Active solar rooftop collectors and passive solar technologies require maximum exposure to sunlight, which may be challenging in a developed environment. To help ensure that sufficient exposure is available for all homeowners and businesses, the City already has ordinances for building setbacks, building height restrictions, and maximum lot coverage. At present, there are still very few houses with solar energy systems, likely due to high costs and logistical considerations associated with installation. The University of Minnesota has developed a high-resolution statewide solar resource map that allows cities to calculate how much electricity they could potentially receive from locally installed solar energy systems. These data (see Figure XX) were used to calculate Edina’s solar resource, in terms of potential for energy generation. The solar map shows the location of the best sites solar installations and helps identify where there may be potential land use conflicts with solar development. Table XX shows the amount of solar energy reasonably available for development in Edina. The gross potential includes the total available resource, regardless of location; rooftop capacity and generation include only the resource available on the rooftops of commercial buildings located in the city. Table XX – Hopkins Gross and Rooftop Solar Generation Potential Total Generation Potential (MWh/year) 16,700,686 Rooftop Potential (MWh/year) 2,739,861 Gross Generation Potential (MWh/year) 1,670,068 Roof Generation Potential (MWh/year) 273,986 These calculations assume a 10% conversion efficiency and current (2016/17) solar technologies. The average home in Minnesota consumes between 9 and 10 Mwh/year (Solar Energy Industries Association; US Energy Information Administration). Using only Edina’s rooftop generation potential, 27,000-30,000 homes could be powered by solar energy annually – more than the total number of existing units in Edina. Actions by the City of Edina that promote solar access and energy usage – such as facilitating financing mechanisms like PACE financing and maintaining updated development regulations and incentives – can result in wider adoption of solar energy in Edina. Another alternative is participation in community solar Edina Comprehensive Plan Environment Chapter 082818 Draft Page 17 gardens, which provide people an opportunity to support renewable energy through membership in a large solar array located in a sunny open area. The Edina Community Solar Garden, located on the roof of the Public Works and Park Maintenance Facility, is fully subscribed at the time of this writing with 68 households participating. Edina Comprehensive Plan Environment Chapter 082818 Draft Page 18 Edina Comprehensive Plan Environment Chapter 082818 Draft Page 19 Sustainable Buildings and Sites The built environment has a significant impact on the natural environment, particularly in a city like Edina that is already fully developed. Investment in sustainable building and site practices – either in new or renovated projects – can have a significant impact on energy efficiency and reduction of energy costs and GHG emissions. On the regional scale, it is generally more sustainable for development to be located in developed communities that are well-served by infrastructure, rather than on the outskirts where undeveloped land is being consumed and infrastructure is being extended, creating a larger carbon footprint. However, at the local level, as the City considers development and density option they must consider local impacts to the environment. Meeting the carbon reduction goal will necessitate discussions on tradeoffs in development and density and their carbon impacts. For example, growth can provide a lower carbon footprint per resident and new development can be more energy efficient. But increasing the population would likely increase community the community’s carbon footprint overall (though possibly not at a per capita level). Stopping density is not the answer but growth does require investigation of ways to grow more sustainably, and to seek to decouple carbon increases from economic growth. For building construction and design, particularly in the case of larger scale development, the City encourages developers to consider and pursue green building standards and sustainable energy guidelines. The “give to get” city development review process provides an opportunity to discuss how the developer and City can achieve a project that benefits the community. A green building policy will provide clear direction to developers. The City encourage best management practices in building and site design and maintenance that: • Support green building development, including design, materials, and operations • Encourage responsible demolition practices • Promote energy efficiency and renewable energy options • Minimize waste, and optimize processing of the waste stream with zero waste being the target goal • Reflect best practices to support water quality through drainage plans, stormwater management, and limitations on impervious surface • Encourage sustainable lawn management, plant biodiversity, and tree canopy development • Investigate ways to stack benefits, such as native plants that absorb runoff, support pollinators, and help clean water • Support smart water use policies that conserve and reuse water, such as grey water Education and outreach is always the first step, and can be incentivized with tools such as rebates and other financial options. Education and outreach are useful tools that we should continue to use; however, we should recognize that the impact of education alone is limited. Beyond these actions, many cities explore regulatory tools, either at the local level or through state action, that provide additional reinforcement and consistency to sustainable practices. Natural Environment Protecting the natural environment in Edina is an overall goal for the community. In a practical sense, that means addressing impacts of development and human activity on natural resources, and addressing ways to mitigate those impacts. Focus areas include waste reduction, water quality, air quality, ecology and habitat, and the city’s tree canopy. Edina Comprehensive Plan Environment Chapter 082818 Draft Page 20 Waste Reduction The City of Edina has pursued waste reduction and recycling programs since the 1970’s, and continues its commitment to the present day. The City has adopted the long-standing Minnesota waste hierarchy to prioritize policies and actions: • Rethink. Rethinking how to approach waste can provide new directions for how to use resources. The City encourages all to think of their waste footprint as a starting point to reduce waste and its impact on the environment. • Reduce. Recent emphasis on the “sharing economy” – where people share resources rather than purchase their own – is very consistent with reduce policies. Opportunities to efficiently share vehicles, space, tools, or other elements can be both cost effective and good for the environment. Limiting the use of disposable materials at the City operations level can also help in this area. • Reuse. Reuse policies fit in well with sustainable building and design practices, which include green demolition approaches as well as use of reclaimed and recycled materials over new ones. The concept of a circular economy (where resources are repeatedly used to extract the maximum usage, before recovery and regeneration) forms a model for how resources can be used more sustainably than a traditional linear system. • Recycle. The City’s current recycling program involves biweekly curbside single sort collection. Drop off sites are available at the county level for larger items, and items with hazardous content. Air Quality Outdoor Air Quality The quality of the air in Edina is a significant determinant to the health and comfort of the city’s residents. Pollutants in the air can cause anything from minor irritations or annoyances to serious respiratory health problems. In Edina, the outdoor air quality is generally very good; however, there are certain sections of the city, which are at particular risk for degradation of air quality – mostly due to auto emissions during traffic congestion. Air quality in a metropolitan area is greatly influenced by factors outside the control of an individual community. However, the City can seek to promote cleaner air through policies that reduce mobile source emissions, namely automobile traffic, by encouraging alternative forms of transportation. On a more granular scale, the City can limit practices such as open burning and small engine equipment which high levels of emissions. Indoor Air Quality Indoor air quality is also a consideration, though with different factors to consider. Poor indoor air quality is typically linked to presence of contaminants and/or poor building system condition or maintenance. Remedies are typically consistent enforcement of building codes and public health standards, which are largely already addressed in city and state regulations. Ecology and Habitat While natural ecological system and habitat have been significantly impacted by development in Edina over the past century, they are still present. A diverse array of plants and animals live alongside people in the city – and positive steps are possible to ensure ecological functions are protected, enhanced, and restored. Edina Comprehensive Plan Environment Chapter 082818 Draft Page 21 Protecting, enhancing, and restoring ecological systems in Edina involves a range of best management practices to mitigate impacts of pollution and runoff. This can include brownfields remediation in the case of contaminated soils or groundwater. It can also involve promoting connectivity in green space, to allow for more functional habitat for plants and wildlife. The City’s actions will be a blend of regulation, education and encouragement, programmatic approaches, and capital investment. Programmatic approaches would include municipal best practices, and operations and maintenance such as street sweeping. A couple focus areas of the city related to this topic have been reduction of excessive pesticide and fertilizer use, and promotion of plantings that support pollinators. These are related to goals regarding biodiversity and the use of native plants where possible. An example is Braemar Golf Course’s Academy 9 native restoration, completed in 2016. The restoration included more than 13 acres of prairie and oak savanna restored, more than 29,000 square feet of wetland buffer planted, and expansion of a water quality pond. Managing and expanding this native restoration is a long-term commitment. Tree Canopy The City of Edina has a substantial tree canopy throughout much of the city. Tree canopies have many stacked environmental benefits such as carbon sequestering, reduction in heat island effect, storm water mitigation, and supporting wildlife. Actively managing the tree canopy diversity will be important maintaining its health and resiliency to the changing climate and diseases like Emerald Ash Borer. The City should review policies and actions that support the establishment and maintenance of a tree canopy and benefits. Water Water resources are an essential element of the City’s environment, and a key element for its life and health. The Water Chapter covers this topic in depth. Some potential priority areas related to water and environmental sustainability are listed below: • Water supply. PLACEHOLDER – COMPLETE WITH INPUT FROM ENGINEERING STAFF • Surface water management. PLACEHOLDER – COMPLETE WITH INPUT FROM ENGINEERING STAFF • Water quality. Encouraging more sustainable practices related to salt usage to reduce pollution of waterways. Goals and Policies Environmental Stewardship Goal: Take a leadership role in promoting environmentally responsible policies and practices. 1. Develop a comprehensive citywide environmental management plan that explores and includes best practices in water management, biodiversity, green space management, streetscape enhancement and waste management. 2. Partner with energy and utility service providers to educate residents on the importance of energy efficiency in their daily living and promote energy efficiency and smart building practices at all City-owned properties. 3. Continue to identify a series of environmental flagship pilot projects to bring stakeholders together and begin exploring creative solutions. Edina Comprehensive Plan Environment Chapter 082818 Draft Page 22 4. Develop incentives for individual households to take an active role in the overall city responsibility for environmental management. Climate Change Goal: Support statewide and national efforts to meet or beat targets for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. 1. Support state and federal efforts to implement policies and programs in support of greenhouse gas emission goals, including reduction of dependence on fossil fuels. 2. Strive to meet or exceed Paris Climate Accord and Next Generation Energy Act targets for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. 3. Inventory greenhouse gas emissions in city operations and in the community and set reduction targets and timelines to reduce those emissions. 4. Create a holistic climate action plan that tackles both climate mitigation and climate adaptation. Energy Conservation and Alternatives Goal: Improve energy efficiency consumption in the city, and replace fossil fuels with renewable sources where possible. 1. Increase the use of clean, alternative energy by advocating for the development of renewable energy resources. 2. Make energy efficiency a priority across city programs, policies, regulations, and investments. a. Create benchmarks of current energy use in all public facilities and set a goal to reduce energy use and costs. b. Monitor energy usage at public facilities and make changes and investments as needed to increase overall energy efficiency and reduce cost. c. Pursue the reduction of emissions from municipal fleet vehicles through “green fleet” practices, including the use of high efficiency and alternative fuel vehicles, no- idling, reduction of discretionary trips, and vehicle sharing. d. Implement purchasing guidelines for city procurement that address energy efficiency and alternative energy. e. Work with public and private institutions to support the development of renewable energy pilot projects in the city. f. 3. Develop goals for energy efficiency, implement through policies and programs, and monitor and verify results. Goal: Encourage private property owners to pursue energy efficient practices in the construction and maintenance of their homes, businesses, and commercial properties. 1. Inform residents of the opportunities available to them to control and reduce their energy consumption. 2. Create incentives in the form of tax rebates and low interest financing to reduce residential energy demand and promote renewable energy and low-carbon energy use. Edina Comprehensive Plan Environment Chapter 082818 Draft Page 23 3. Promote the adoption by homeowners, builders, and remodelers of city and state government energy guidelines, with the goal of meeting LEED certification standards for new constructions. 4. Encourage the use of green building materials and sustainable site design to reduce the need for summer cooling and winter heating. 5. Inform and educate builders, property owners, and businesses about energy conservation and alternative energy opportunities, including tax incentives or rebates. 6. Support the development of locally generated renewable energy by to power part or all of the energy needs of a private development. 7. Explore opportunities for establishing district energy systems where appropriate, to promote a more efficient and cost effective energy solution. Goal: Meet or exceed state standards regarding solar access protection. 1. Continue to enforce setback, building height, and lot coverage ordinances that can serve as protection to solar access 2. Become SolSmart certified to ensure policies, permitting, and inspections processes do not inhibit solar access. 3. Consider access to solar protection when reviewing variance requests. 4. Promote the use of active and passive solar energy for heating, lighting, and other aspects in design, construction, remodeling, and operation of City buildings. 5. Leverage the Solar and Wind Access Law to establish polices that restrict development for the purpose of protecting solar access. Sustainable Sites and Buildings Goal: Encourage sustainable development patterns that reduce dependence on fossil fuels. 1. Adopt and enforce land use policies that reduce sprawl, preserve open space, and create compact, walkable urban communities. 2. Promote transportation options such as bicycle facilities, commute trip reduction programs, incentives for carpooling, and public transit. 3. Encourage and incentivize sustainable building practices using the Minnesota B3 Guidelines, U.S. Green Building Council's LEED program, or other standards. 4. Evaluate adopting ordinances and policies to provide incentives for energy efficiency, renewable energy, and reductions in greenhouse gases. 5. Continue to implement City’s sustainability purchasing policy that considers the environmental impact of City purchases. Environmental Quality Goal: Pursue a reduction in overall waste through initiatives to reduce, reuse, and recycle materials. 1. Continue to operate a household recycling program for single-family and multi-family housing, encouraging the 3 R’s, reduction, reuse, and recycling. 2. Encourage home composting of organic wastes, including food scraps and yard waste. 3. Support citywide co-collection of Source Separated Organics with yard waste. 4. Encourage local businesses to participate in waste reduction programs such as the Minnesota Chamber of Commerce’s WasteWise program. Edina Comprehensive Plan Environment Chapter 082818 Draft Page 24 5. Encourage proper disposal of hazardous and other problem materials such as e-waste through public education about opportunities and regulations around disposal. 6. Educate consumers on how to avoid purchasing products with environmentally harmful ingredients and instead buy “green.” 7. Recommend changes to the City purchasing policy to encourage the use of materials that are re-usable, recycled, compostable, or which use minimal packaging. Incentivize city vendors to deliver products in reusable containers. 8. Expand the range of plastics that can be included in residential recycling as markets permit. 9. Encourage greater recycling among local businesses. 10. Identify an Edina site that would produce renewable energy from city waste, such as an anaerobic digester, away from residential areas. Goal: Encourage best practices to reduce air pollution and maintain good indoor and outdoor air quality. 1. Cooperate with enforcement of the Clean Air Act and other laws and regulations relating to air quality including the Minnesota Clean Indoor Air Act. 2. Encourage and consider requiring mechanical ventilation systems in new homes. 3. Provide incentives for building practices that improve indoor air quality. 4. Encourage property owners to plant trees along roadways where possible to help reduce traffic noise and absorb CO2. 5. Maintain healthy urban forests on public lands and streets to increase shading and absorb CO2, and encourage private property owners to do the same. 6. Enact an ordinance that restricts vehicle idling in Edina and post ‘No Idling’ signs at all schools and public parking lots. 7. Promote the use of renewable energy sources at the local and state levels to reduce the amount of particulate matter generated by coal plants. Goal: Support the protection, enhancement, and restoration of natural ecological systems and habitat, in the context of a developed environment. 1. Support the cleanup and remediation of brownfields where appropriate. 2. Encourage open space and site design that provides connectivity in green space, and supports habitat and ecological function. 3. Investigates strategies to reduce of excessive pesticide and fertilizer use and to limit runoff. 4. Promotion of plantings that support pollinators, and encourage biodiversity and the use of native plants where possible. 5. Encourage the development and maintenance of a healthy urban tree canopy. Implementation Implementation Strategy The City of Edina has a range of tools and strategies that it can use to implement these goals and policies. These include: • City Budget and Operations. The most direct control the City has is over how it manages its own internal systems. Implementation strategies will include: o Addressing sustainability through strategy, planning, and budgetary decisions. o Embedding sustainability into decisionmaking, budget process, capital improvements, and inter-departmental initiatives. o Operating city facilities in sustainable manner, including supporting green building policies, net zero goals for new buildings, and efficient/shared use of existing facilities. Edina Comprehensive Plan Environment Chapter 082818 Draft Page 25 o Setting baselines and reporting on goals and benchmarks, such as energy utilization, purchasing, and performance standards. • Policy and Regulations: The city will work through staff and commission to amend and approve policies that support sustainable actions, meet sustainability goals, and meet the needs of the community. This will include: o Creating incentives for sustainable practices in policy and regulations, to encourage and guide property owners, developers, and others to adopt best practices. o Where appropriate, evaluate creating regulatory requirements and/or options (such as “give to get”) to promote sustainable practices. • Education: The city will continue to pursue and learn about best practices across a range of topics, and to share that information with the community. This will include: o Participating in regional, state, and national conversations and initiatives regarding moving forward on sustainability goals. o Using opportunities with city staff, EEC, neighborhood organizations, neighbor-to- neighbor interactions, business associations, and other community partners to promote sustainable actions. o Appendix XX has ideas for education and outreach. • Alliances: Edina is a part of a larger community, and that can bring advantages – particularly regarding taking on projects that are beyond the scope or scale of an individual city. o Building alliances among city commissions, Edina School District, Chamber of Commerce, Hennepin County, neighboring jurisdictions, and other governmental entities within the region to connect on policies, learn best practices, and share resources. • Goals, Metrics, and Benchmarking: Setting specific goals, metrics, and benchmarks can provide focus and accountability when working toward a long term vision. o Continuing to develop and utilize benchmarking and metrics to monitor and reach stated goals. Some of the ones that have already been developed are included below. Citywide Goals Goals are our way to prioritize action, get resources, and measure our actions. Meeting these goals will require trade-offs by communities. Current adopted City goals related to sustainability and the environment include: 1. Greenhouse Gases. 30% Greenhouse gas emissions reduction by 2025, 80% emissions reduction by 2050. a. Municipal: Lower the City’s GHG emissions by 7.5% over 18 months; reduce the City’s GHG emissions 30% by 2025 from a 2012 baseline b. Residential: 750 homes take energy saving actions each year; double the number of subscribers to Windsource®, and double the average subscription amount within 18 months c. Business: Reduce and/or off-set 2% of electricity usage annually 2. Waste: Reduce residential waste 75% by 2030. 3. Add goals arising out of the Partners in Energy Program (To be determined in Summer 2018) along with additional ways to promote action planning. 4. Other government entity and community goals (reference water section for water goals) 5. Equitable distribution of environmental benefits 6. WATER GOALS 7. Net zero goals for municipal buildings Comprehensive Plan Discussion Directions to writers of Comp Plan: When writing the new chapter, keep it concise. Current chapter is too long with too much backstory. Chapter should be a summary, ideally less than 6 pages, with an appendix that can provide a history and examples that are more specific. When maps are added (i.e. gross solar potential map), add that the fact that the map was a point in time. If possible, add real-time or updated maps over time. Throughout the plan, EEC wants to see: • City operations be a leader. • City staff consider the impact of climate change on making decisions on staffing and services. • Environmental sustainability and stewardship framed in practical outcomes. Energy & Environment Commission believes sustainability should be engrained throughout and therefore, recommend a statement at the beginning of the comp plan: The citizens of Edina are ready for Edina to be a leader in sustainability and quality of life. Each development decision must consider the ‘triple bottom line’ – people, planet and profit – so that the economic factors are not favored over the health and welfare of the City’s natural environment and/or its residents in present and future decisions. Definitions Environment: factors that act upon a community and ultimately determine its form and survival, including the impact humans have on natural resources. Sustainability means protecting regional vitality for future generations by preserving our capacity to maintain and support our region’s well-being and productivity. Resilience is the ability to recover from a disaster that could have been prevented or mitigated with sustainable practices. Chapter 10 Values and Goals • Value Statement: The City of Edina supports environmental policy and practices values that positively impact the community. Environmental stewardship was identified as one of seven key strategic focus areas for the City. Vision Edina stated: “Community residents and stakeholders believe that Edina can take an active and ambitious internal and regional leadership role in embedding environmental stewardship principles through actions such as promoting more comprehensive recycling, smart building and energy efficiency practices.” a. This includes clean energy, reduction of GHG emissions, clean water, responsible management of solid waste, clean air, ecological health and wise management of natural resources. To summarize: Reduce, reuse, recycle. b. This means actions throughout the city which includes all parts of the city: city operations, commercial, industrial and residential • Goals: Goals are our way to prioritize action, get resources, and measure our actions. Meeting these goals will require trade-offs by communities. a. GHG goal: 30% Greenhouse gas(GHG) emissions reduction by 2025, 80% emissions reduction by 2050. b. Waste goal: Reduce residential waste 75% by 2030. c. Add goals arising out of the partners in Energy Program (To be determined in Summer 2018). Along with d. Additional ways to promote action planning. e. Other government entity and community goals(reference water section for water goals) f. Equitable distribution of environmental benefits Tools: • Policy: The city will focus through staff and commission to amend and approve policies that support sustainable actions, meet sustainability goals, and meet the needs of the community. • Education: We encourage city to connect on policies, learn best practices. a. We will use opportunities with city staff, EEC, organized neighborhoods, neighbor-to- neighbor, and business organizations to promote sustainable actions. • Alliances: Edina is a part of a larger community. It is important to build alliances across City Commissions, with Edina School District, Chamber of Commerce, Hennepin County, and other government entities within the region to connect on policies, learn best practices, and share resources. • Tools: develop and utilize existing tools for benchmarking and metrics to monitor and reach stated goals Avenues: 1. City facilities – City facilities and operations will lead by example and commit resources to achieving our sustainability goals. This would include: a. Integrating strategy, planning, and budgetary decisions b. Encouraging city staff to embed sustainability into decision-making, budget process, capital improvements and build alliances across City Departments. c. Operations - Green building policy, net new city buildings i. Operational aspects (like irrigation, tree canopy and green space). ii. Share resources example (South Metro training center.) d. Reporting - setting baselines and report out on (e.g. energy utilization, purchasing, new buildings) 2. Density and Development: As the City considers development and density option they must consider the tradeoffs to the environment. Meeting the carbon reduction goal will necessitate discussions on trade-offs in development & density and their carbon impacts. For example, density can provide a lower carbon footprint per resident and new development can be more energy efficient. But increasing the population through density would increase community the community’s carbon footprint. 3. Commercial and Industrial Facilities - This includes non-city owned government and nonprofit entities a. Constructions & Design- encourage green buildings, energy guidelines , give to get options, deconstruction b. Operations – encourage energy consumption and efficiency, minimize waste and optimize processing of waste stream with zero waste being target goal, water quality, water drainage c. Capturing opportunities to educate (with appendix of big ideas) d. Drainage and impervious surfaces, run-off plans e. Energy efficiencies and renewable energy options f. Lawns and plant diversity - permeable lawn, grass (appendix the weed) Tree policy, g. Rebate and financial options 4. Residential a. Utilize policies available to support green buildings (design, materials, etc), energy efficiency and residential energy options, responsible demolition, pervious surface use, smart water use (ex. Irrigation), reduction of waste and plant biodiversity (including tree canopy and green space). i. Give to get options was mentioned as a policy form. b. Continue to reassess policies that impact drainage and impervious surfaces (i.e. construction permits needing run-off plans) and look for ways to stack benefits (i.e. utilizing native plants that can absorb run-off, support pollinators, and clean water versus use of a buried cistern) c. Support pollinators, tree canopy, biodiversity and native plants d. Beyond policy, look for opportunities to educate (with appendix of big ideas) 5. Subject Areas a. Solid waste – Encourage all to think of their waste footprint, use the waste reduction pyramid (i.e. rethink, reduce, reuse, recycle), and anti-littering to reduce waste and its impact on the environment. i. As we manage waste (i.e. trash, recyclables, and organic recyclables), continue to find ways for reduction via pick up options, hazardous waste, green demolition, sharing economy, and the circular economy. b. Energy – Commission to review the LogoPEP work i. The city consider energy resources and reduction and their impact on our city’s goals. ii. Continue to look for opportunities for renewable resources c. Water – See Water Chapter and notes below . Water is governed by the water chapter. Here are the guiding principles: i. Sewage management – Monitor environmental opportunities such as grey water ii. Surface water management - Creating resilience plan for severe weather events and volatility. Consider the effect of development and increased impervious surfaces on stormwater management Encourage resiliency systems iii. Water quality – Protect water quality including the connection between stormwater and groundwater policy and continue to consider the factors affecting water quality iv. Wetlands – value the protection of wetlands v. Water supply – value the protection of the water supply d. Air Quality – Promote clean energy and other actions to improve air quality such as reducing transportation emissions e. Tree canopy has many stacked benefits (carbon sequestering, reduction in heat island effect, storm water mitigation, support wildlife, etc). Review policy and actions that support tree canopy and benefits. f. Natural habitats – Consider other natural resources such as soil, natural habitat, sunlight g. Reduce pesticide and fertilizer use. Notes for Other Chapters and Commissions: Planning • Density and Development discussion: Overall impact of density within the geographical outlines. Density can provide a lower carbon footprint per resident, but increase the population would increase community the community’s carbon footprint. • Live, work, and play. Development that is more efficient has mixed use, which allows people to cut their transportation carbon footprint when they live and work in close proximity. • Look for opportunities for district level sustainable, environmental, and resiliency benefits. Water – Questions for the Water section when reviewed • Sewage management – No comments. Will grey water come into effect? • Surface water management - o Stormwater - Creating resilience plan for severe weather events and volatility. Encourage resiliency systems o Water quality - Consider the connection between stormwater and groundwater policy o Wetlands - Do we talk about the relationship development and wetlands? Ask Jess if we have a map on wetland • Water supply – No comments Appendix: Collection of Sustainability Ideas and Specifics 2018 Comprehensive Plan Solid Waste - Incorporate consideration of waste into every aspect of plan - think of the waste hierarchy: reduce, reuse, recycle - Any new commercial development should incorporate 3-stream waste collection - Consideration for organics both in production and collection - i.e. new food establishments take packaging and waste collection into consideration - Keep all new technologies and innovations in regards to waste on the table - Educate citizens on waste at every opportunity - Public spaces need to have 3-stream waste receptacles conveniently located for citizens - Events should consider waste in their planning. Both packaging and waste collection should be part of permit/expectation - Consider opportunities for citizens to dispose of waste materials at centralized location - i.e. a day where there is an electronics collection at a central drop-off - Construction and demolition requirements or options for greener practices. This could include reusing materials and/or more environmental considerations when building - Parks using a percentage of compost in turf management and in planting beds Energy -Consideration of self generation or self sourced generation: -Look into costs for on site generation or programs to source directly from remote sources -Consider long term environmental impact relative to city goals -Consider carbon free sources or programs giving Renewable Energy Credits to end users -Explore benefits of all electric sites and partnerships with utilities to off set potentially higher bills -For larger developments consider on site generation, district energy systems, or district thermal options (Natural Gas use on site will always have carbon emissions) - Consider the impact of community solar gardens -If the new home construction boom continues, consider local rebates/incentives to make homes more efficient, resilient , & sustainable. Consider incentives for reused materials or products sourced through in-state companies. (Discount on permit fees? Free LEDs throughout the house is builder/owner meets ____ efficiency level or a percentage of recycled materials. Wetland - Achieve no net loss of wetlands - Discourage wetland alteration. - administering the Wetland Conservation Act - update the wetland inventory data - restore previously existing wetlands - buffer zones of native vegetation - minimization of water level fluctuations - Involve the appropriate regulatory agencies (MPCA, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, and the MnDNR) in the planning of any proposed water quality or flood control facilities Natural Habitat - Address invasive species - Encourage native plants, especially pollinator-friendly plants - Encourage large tree preservation - Encourage increasing tree canopy - Capture education opportunities for teaching eco-systemsReduce pesticide and fertilizer use Water - Road salt best practices for overall reduction of chlorides to surface water receptors - Irrigation system best practices including upgrades and incentives for overall water use reduction - Incentives for potable water use reduction (business, residential) - Long term drinking water sustainability, well redundancy, and water quality (including emerging chemicals of concern) - Leveraging available new technologies that optimizes electricity usage and well maintenance. - Resilient storm water management - Incentives to reduce the proliferation of single use plastic water bottles - Building / new structure enhancements that optimize water usage including options for gray water systems - Continued long term water use coordination with water water shed agencies, County, and adjacent communities. - Innovative use of rainwater run-off for activities such as watering plants (refer to U of M operations example) MEMORANDUM To: The City of Edina Energy and Environment Commission From: Carolyn Jackson, Chair Re: Draft of the Environment Chapter of the 2018 Comprehensive Plan Date: September 13, 2018 Just like the rest of, I was only informed of the draft of our Environment Chapter to the Comprehensive Plan when it was included three days ago (September 10) in our meeting packet. As you will recall, we directed the drafters of the Comprehensive Plan that the “Chapter should be a summary, ideally less than 6 pages, with an appendix that can provide . . . examples that are more specific.” We also directed them that the content areas of energy, water, solid waste air quality, natural habitat and fertilizer/pesticides should be addressed in four different ways: by the City, by Commercial/Industrial actors, by Residents and by density. I was surprised at the content of the draft chapter. While I can see echoes of the recommendations we made to the consultants, the final document is dramatically different from what we had submitted. My objections fall into three categories: Content, Process and Policy. Thank you for your consideration of these points: Content Objections Three major content objections: 1. While the City has limited control over private actors, the goal we have set of reducing greenhouse gas emissions encompasses all actors within the City limits, not just City buildings and operations. Therefore, the comprehensive plan must address all actors. The consultants ignored our direction to segment environmental policies by City, Commercial/Industrial (including non-profits, other governmental entities and multifamily housing) and Residential (single family residences.) Instead, they lumped them all together into the phrase “private property owners.” a. First, this ignores the reality that many actors in Edina that use energy and water and create solid waste are not property owners in Edina. b. Second, three years of undergoing the Partners in Energy program revealed that City, business and family residences have major differences. i. The data gathered on energy and water gets broken down along these categories. ii. The decision making process for these three categories is very different, so a “one size fits all” policy or direction will be ineffective. 2. The draft ignores our direction to only include high level policy in the chapter and put details in an appendix. 3. The draft includes a large number of detailed policies that have never been aired to the general public or to the EEC. Jackson Memo To Edina EEC September 13, 2018 4. The draft addresses the following topics: “environmental stewardship, climate change, energy conservation and alternatives, sustainable sites and buildings, and environmental quality.” These terms are unfamiliar, vague and confusing. Process objections: 1. Despite repeated requests, neither the consultants nor the city provided us a template to work from. 2. The draft chapter was delivered only 3 days before our September meeting—The agenda previously set for the September meeting did not account for review of the comprehensive plan. 3. Consultants are not present at our meeting to answer questions or receive in-person feedback. Policy objections: 1. Although the Met Council has asked for a “resiliency” chapter, this draft does not address resilience. At no time in the process did the consultants give us any guidance on how to include resilience in this chapter. I hope it is included in the water chapter. 2. This draft directs the City to create both a comprehensive environmental management plan and a “holistic climate action plan.” However, the five pages of detailed policies, goals and implementation generated by the consultants effectively preempt the priorities and direction of the community. 3. We have not yet seen the draft of the water chapter, nor have we been informed as to whether our request that the overall plan include environmental considerations has been included anywhere in the plan. With this incomplete picture, we are unable to provide adequate comments on this chapter. I look forward to discussing these objections with you. I hope that you will join me in communicating a message to the City, both to the staff and the City Council, that this chapter does not meet the objectives we set out and that it should not fall on us to draft a new chapter that does meet our objectives. We have already spent 7 months (October 2017 to April 2018) on this chapter, and the consultants should have worked with us more cooperatively at that time. Date: September 13, 2018 Agenda Item #: VII.B. To:Energy and Environment Commission Item Type: From:Carolyn Jackson, Chair Item Activity: Subject:2019 Work Plan Discussion Action CITY OF EDINA 4801 West 50th Street Edina, MN 55424 www.edinamn.gov ACTION REQUESTED: Finalize and approve recommended 2019 EEC Work Plan INTRODUCTION: Annual work plans ensure that the Commissions’ initiatives are aligned with the City Council’s priorities. EEC began discussion of 2019 Work Plan at the August meeting. This discussion will finalize a recommended 2019 EEC Work P lan to be sent to Council to review and approve. ATTACHMENTS: Description 2019 Work Plan Survey 2019 Work Plan Draft 2019 EEC Work Plan 10 Respondents ranked their top five initiatives. Total Score Lead Support Commission Effort Impact 1 Residential curbside organics recycling 9 7.7 Melissa Seeley Maddy Fernands, Michelle Horan Proposal review process (5-10hrs) On-site tours (4-6hrs) Reduction of residential waste to meet MPCA goal of 75% waste diversion and nominal GHG emission reduction 2 Business recognition program 10 7.4 Michelle Horan Carolyn Jackson, Maddy Fernands, Bayardo Lanzas, Melissa Seeley Program creation (4-10hrs), Business outreach (2hr per business), Applicant Review (0.5 hr per applicant), Recognition (2hrs) Relationship building with business community 3 Building energy benchmarking policy 9 6.9 Carolyn Jackson Michelle Horan, uknown Stakeholder meeting (4-6hrs), Report recommendation (5-12hrs) Potential for 1-2% GHG energy reduction/efficiency with top energy users 4 Pollinator resolution 7 6.9 Michelle Horan Research (5-20hrs), Report recommendation (5-12hrs) Support pollinators and eco system 5 Increase of street sweeping and other water quality improvement actions 9 6.4 - Lauren Satterlee Research (5-20hrs), Report recommendation (5-12hrs) Improve water quality 6 Timeline and parameters recommendation for a Climate Action Plan 5 6.4 Lauren Satterlee, Maddy Fernands Chloe Maynor Research (10-20hrs), Report recommendation (5-12hrs) Set a timeline in motion for planning 7 Education and outreach events 6 5.8 - Lauren Satterlee, Maddy Fernands, Bayardo Lanzas Planning (16-40hrs), Event (2-6hrs), Recap (2hrs) Build relationships with community and educate to act 8 Green building policy 8 5.8 - Chloe Maynor, Lauren Satterlee, Carolyn Jackson Stakeholder meeting (4-6hrs), On-site tours/resarch (4-6hrs) Report recommendation (5-12hrs) Potential for communitywide GHG emission reductions and support of healthy, resilient building 9 Pass an enhanced tree ordinance 6 5 Bayardo Lanzas Carolyn Jackson, Melissa Seeley Research (10-20hrs), Report recommendation (5-12hrs) Potential for nominal carbon sequestoring 10 Other: City owned Building energy efficiency 5 4.4 Unknown Unknown Receive and review reports (1-2hrs) Remain up to date on actions Commission Work Plan Instructions Updated 2018.06.27 Instructions: Each section with a white background should be filled out. Do not fill out council charge. Scott will complete this section with his proposed charge to the Council. Liaisons are responsible for completing the budget and staff support columns. List initiatives in order of priority Definitions New Initiative – not on previous work plan and has completion date Continued Initiative – carried over from a previous work plan with a revised target completion date Ongoing Responsibility – annually on the work plan and may or may not have a target completion date Parking Lot – initiatives considered by not proposed as part of the work plan. Not approved by Council EVENT Initiatives – if it is an annual event list the initiative as ongoing. It if is a new event list the items as a new initiative. Timeline SEPT MEETINGS: Commissionapproves proposed work plan. Plans due to MJ September 25.OCT 2 WORK SESSION:Chairs present proposed work plan to Council. Chairs present.NOV 7 WORK SESSION: City Manager presents staff proposed revisions. Liaisons present.DEC 4 COUNCIL MEETING: City Manager incorporates council feedback and submits final draft for approval.JAN 1: Commissionofficially starts implementing work plans. Commission: Energy and Environment Commission 2019 Annual Work Plan Proposal Initiative # 1 Council Charge (Proposed Charge Completed by CM) ☐☐☐☐ 1 (Study & Report) ☐☐☐☐ 2 (Review & Comment) ☐☐☐☐ 3 (Review & Recommend) ☐☐☐☐ 4 (Review & Decide) Target Completion Date Budget Required (Staff Liaison) Staff Support Required (Staff Liaison) Initiative Type: ☐ New Initiative ☒ Continued Initiative ☐ Ongoing Responsibility ☐ Funds available Funds are available for this project. ☐ Staff Liaison: Hrs____ ☐ CTS (including Video) ☐ Other Staff: Hrs_____ Residential curbside organics recycling ☐ Funds not available There are not funds available for this project (explain impact of Council approving initiative in liaison comments). Lead Commissioners: Liaison Comments: City Manager Comments: Progress Report: Initiative # 2 Council Charge (Proposed Charge Completed by CM) ☐☐☐☐ 1 (Study & Report) ☐☐☐☐ 2 (Review & Comment) ☐☐☐☐ 3 (Review & Recommend) ☐☐☐☐ 4 (Review & Decide) Target Completion Date Budget Required (Staff Liaison) Staff Support Required (Staff Liaison) Initiative Type: ☒ New Initiative ☐ Continued Initiative ☐ Ongoing Responsibility ☐ Funds available Funds are available for this project. ☐ Staff Liaison: Hrs____ ☐ CTS (including Video) ☐ Other Staff: Hrs_____ Business recognition program ☐ Funds not available There are not funds available for this project (explain impact of Council approving initiative in liaison comments). Lead Commissioners: Liaison Comments: City Manager Comments: Progress Report: Initiative # 3 Council Charge (Proposed Charge Completed by CM) ☐☐☐☐ 1 (Study & Report) ☐☐☐☐ 2 (Review & Comment) ☐☐☐☐ 3 (Review & Recommend) ☐☐☐☐ 4 (Review & Decide) Target Completion Date Budget Required (Staff Liaison) Staff Support Required (Staff Liaison) Initiative Type: ☒ New Initiative ☐ Continued Initiative ☐ Ongoing Responsibility ☐ Funds available Funds are available for this project. Building energy benchmarking policy ☐ Funds not available There are not funds available for this project (explain impact of Council approving initiative in liaison comments). ☐ Staff Liaison: Hrs____ ☐ CTS (including Video) ☐ Other Staff: Hrs_____ Lead Commissioners: Liaison Comments: City Manager Comments: Progress Report: Initiative # 4 Council Charge (Proposed Charge Completed by CM) ☒☒☒☒ 1 (Study & Report) ☐☐☐☐ 2 (Review & Comment) ☐☐☐☐ 3 (Review & Recommend) ☐☐☐☐ 4 (Review & Decide) Target Completion Date Budget Required (Staff Liaison) Staff Support Required (Staff Liaison) Initiative Type: ☒ New Initiative ☐ Continued Initiative ☐ Ongoing Responsibility ☐ Funds available Funds are available for this project. ☐ Staff Liaison: Hrs____ ☐ CTS (including Video) ☐ Other Staff: Hrs_____ Pollinator resolution ☐ Funds not available There are not funds available for this project (explain impact of Council approving initiative in liaison comments). Lead Commissioners: Liaison Comments: City Manager Comments: Progress Report: Initiative # 5 Council Charge (Proposed Charge Completed by CM) ☐☐☐☐ 1 (Study & Report) ☐☐☐☐ 2 (Review & Comment) ☐☐☐☐ 3 (Review & Recommend) ☐☐☐☐ 4 (Review & Decide) Target Completion Date Budget Required (Staff Liaison) Staff Support Required (Staff Liaison) Initiative Type: ☒ New Initiative ☐ Continued Initiative ☐ Ongoing Responsibility ☐ Funds available Funds are available for this project. ☐ Staff Liaison: Hrs____ ☐ CTS (including Video) ☐ Other Staff: Hrs_____ Increase street sweeping and other water quality improvement actions ☐ Funds not available There are not funds available for this project (explain impact of Council approving initiative in liaison comments). Lead Commissioners: Liaison Comments: City Manager Comments: Progress Report: Parking Lot: (These items have been considered by the BC, but not proposed as part of this year’s work plan. If the BC decides they would like to work on them in the current year, it would need to be approved by Council.) Timeline and parameters recommendation for a Climate Action Plan, Education and outreach events, Green building policy, Pass an enhanced tree ordinance City owned building energy efficiency Proposed Month for Joint Work Session (one time per year, up to 60 minutes): ☐ Mar ☐ April ☐ May ☐ June ☐ July ☐ Aug ☐ Sept ☐ Oct ☐ Nov Date: September 13, 2018 Agenda Item #: VIII.A. To:Energy and Environment Commission Item Type: Minutes From:Casey Casella, City Management Fellow Item Activity: Subject:Working Group Minutes Information CITY OF EDINA 4801 West 50th Street Edina, MN 55424 www.edinamn.gov ACTION REQUESTED: None. INTRODUCTION: Receive minutes from EEC working groups. ATTACHMENTS: Description EEC Working Groups and Subcommittee List Minutes: EOWG, Aug 2, 2018 Minutes: EBWG, July 11,2018 Edina Energy & Environment Commission Working Groups and Subcommittees Updated 8/09/18 Business Environmental Working Group – Second Wednesday at 7:00pm - Chair Michelle Horan - mhoran00@gmail.com Commissioners: Carolyn Jackson and Paul Hussian, Members: Mike Woolsey and David Goldstein Objective: Business energy efficiency and conservation, 30% GHG emission reduction by 2025. Education & Outreach Working Group – First Thursday at 7:00pm – Chairs Lauren Satterlee lauren.mpls.mn@gmail.com and Howard Hoffman howard.hoffman@gmail.com Commissioner: Richard Manser, Members: Bob Gubrud, Chuck Prentice, Mathias Samuel, Paul Thompson, and Kristopher Wilson. Objective: The mission of the Education and Outreach Working Group is to support the charter of the Edina Energy and Environment Commission by creating awareness and engaging residents, schools, communities of faith, and community organizations to take action to conserve and increase energy efficiency to work towards 30% GHG emission reduction by 2025, to reuse and recycle, and to preserve and enhance our environment. Merged Residential Energy Efficiency Working Group in 2/8/18 City Operations Energy Efficiency and Conservation Subcommittee – Chair Keith Kostuch Commissioners: Bill Glahn and Richard Manser Objective: City Operations energy efficiency and conservation, 30% GHG emission reduction by 2025. Recycling Solid Waste and Organics Working Group (RSWO) – First Wednesday at 7:00 pm - Chair Melissa Seeley msee10@me.com Commissioners: Michelle Horan Objective: Evaluate and monitor the provisions of the recycling, solid waste and organic waste collection programs in Edina. Evaluate and monitor the reduction in municipal solid waste by residents and businesses in Edina. Educate the public about recycling, organics and solid waste reduction. Student Environmental Leadership Council (Subcommittee) – Chair Melissa Seeley - Student Members: Maddy Fernands and Natalie Swanson open to students attending secondary schools in Edina. Objective: To facilitate, coordinate and share information between the EEC and the School Environmental groups and to work on common energy and environmental objectives as appropriate. To assist in developing environmental leaders of tomorrow. Minutes Education and Outreach Working Group Energy & Environment Commission Edina City Hall, Mayor’s Conference Room I. Call to Order: August 2, 2018 at 7:05 pm II. Attendees: Lauren Satterlee, Howard Hoffman, Paul Thompson, Amanda Elg III. Agenda approved IV. Topics Discussed a. 2018 Events - ● 4th of July Parade - ● We had 12-15 volunteers assembling pinwheels and walking in the parade. Have pinwheels left over. ● Tabling at a series of events, including: ● Focus on hockey games because everyone comes in 1 door (rather than soccer games). ● Holiday set of 2 games at Braemar: Nov 3-5, or Dec 27-30. Edina Kids Hockey Association rather than High School because more teams playing in former games. ○ Howard will ask neighbor about concession options and if he knows people organizing tournaments. (Budget went to 4th of July Parade. Will need to raise funds if we want to sell hot chocolate & coffee for sports events.) ○ There may be resources with booster clubs, check-in table for players we could set up near? Amanda will check if there’s a roster for booster clubs. ○ Edina Girls Athletic Association - Paul will follow up with president ○ Tara confirmed with CEE use of the TOLBY mascot for the Family Fun Night at Cornelia (June 20, 6:30-8pm) and a few sticker handouts as well, but we didn't have any volunteers. b. Reviewed current Work Group member list and objective - Howard will call Jeff B, Paul will call Clover and tell her we’ll remove her from active list. c. 2019 EEC Work Plan - draft attached. Due in September. ● Recognition program for residents (more informal than business awards). ● How does the plaque that CEE gives work? (“Energy Fit” plaque home) Howard will reach out. ● Lauren can ask Tara: Can we use HES budget partially for funding 1st mo of Windsource? Maybe after HES left. Tara said this would take a Council approval and we’d have to create a whole process around this subsidy. ● Discuss planning for Home Energy Tour, perhaps in collaboration with SW suburb commissions around Earth Day 2019. Need to decide, since planning takes several months. 1. Participant considerations: Our Lady of Grace (geothermal), businesses/ residents who have installed Powerwall, Grandview Auto (solar rooftop), Community Solar Garden, Mattias’ house (geothermal), Chuck’s house. Potential collaboration with MRES? 2. Howard will reach out to Parade of Homes and to builders - City Homes & Great Neighborhood Homes. 3. Lauren will do more research on other builders and will ask Tara there are flyers given to new permit grantees. 4. Amanda will ask Kris if he has contacts. 5. Ask builders: Would they be interested in a gathering to learn about energy efficiency? Do they have any homes that are part of the Parade of Homes, and if so about any energy saving measures they’ve done on those homes? If yes, maybe we can provide an information flyer as part of the tour.) d. Youth updates e. Review action items, identify one member to follow up with any requests to Tara. f. Close V. Adjournment: 8:45pm VI. Next Meeting: September 6, 2018, 7:00pm, Mayor’s Room BEWG Meeting July 11, 2018 Michelle Horan Carolyn Jackson Paul Hussian Summarize Business Working Group Efforts to EEC • Outreach is difficult – suggestions? • Electricity is major expense – need benchmarking ordinance/business recognition – strengthens motivation – need incentive • Provides carrot and stick – reinforces comprehensive plan • Contact businesses only once • Support sustainable efforts businesses Reviewed Recognition Program outline prepared by Michelle Goals and timeline for program Make motion to approve future actions for BEWG at Thursdays meeting Create a list of new members of BEWG – Mike Woolsley (Paul) David Goldstein & Hello Pizza contact (Michelle) – contact by August meeting. Update on status of group, info on his non-profit and commit to volunteer Job Descriptions could include: approach via NextDoor? • Electronic data manager • Others? • Working members o Corporate messengers Outreach to Chamber of Commerce Hines Galleria contact – give us a summary of steps taken to improve energy efficiency? Reviewed Survey • Extra points for multiple categories • Few other minor edits to Marshall survey Date: September 13, 2018 Agenda Item #: X.A. To:Energy and Environment Commission Item Type: From:Tara Brown, Liaison Item Activity: Subject:Open Streets and EV Ride and Drive CITY OF EDINA 4801 West 50th Street Edina, MN 55424 www.edinamn.gov ACTION REQUESTED: INTRODUCTION: Volunteers are needed from 1-5pm on Sunday, September 23 for Open Streets at the EEC booth. ATTACHMENTS: Description Open Streets Location Map Open Streets Vendor Booth Location B B Electric Vehicles Fire Truck Music B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 25 16 9 10 11 12 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 13 14 15 16 34 35 36 37 29 26 27 28 33 30 31 32 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 57 58 59 60 53 54 55 56 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 71 70 69 68 Pet Zone 72 74 73 40 B Restrooms Storm Shelter Bounce House Vendor LocaƟon 50th & France Vendor LocaƟon  Booth #Booth Host 1 City of Edina, Neighborhood Connections, Volunteer Edina & Buckthorn Removal 2 Cool Planet/Citizens Climate Lobby 3 Center for Energy and Environment 4 Xcel Energy 5 Facepainting 6 Hennepin County Library 7 Edina Historical Society 8 The Grange 9 Edina Heritage Preservation Commission 10 Cookie Cart 11 Edina Wrestling Association 12 Edina Parks and Recreation Commission 13 DJ Bob 14 Edina Art Center 15 Usborne Books & More (Erica Hohenstein) 16 Mary Kay by Parris Ellis 17 Bring It! 18 Marty Chiropractic 19 Blue Cross Blue Shield of MN - Edina Retail Center 20 Orange Theory Fitness - Edina 21 Bhatki Wellness Center 22 The Center of Movement 23 Edina Transportation Commission 24 Edina Energy, Environment Commission 25 Edina Water Resources 26 Aupaircare Edina 27 Beautycounter 28 Prismatic Unicorn LuLaRoe by Jennifer Bentley 29 Bethel #1 Job's Daughters-Mpls/Edina 30 Heather Edelson for MN House 31 Matt Boockmeier State Farm 32 Edina Youth Basketball Association 33 Ron Anderson for Edina City Council 34 Southwest Television (SWTV) 35 Profile by Sanford 36 York Gardens 37 Clear Captions 38 Three Rivers Park District 39 Shawn McCann - Sidewalk Chalk Artist 40 Physical Culture(v) Fitness & Wellness Studio 41 Edina Soccer Association 42 Hummingbird Tutus 43 Zan Associates 44 Twin Cities International Bilingual Montessori School 45 Chang's Yongin Martial Arts 46 Edina Lions Club 47 Edina Community Education 48 Edina Robotics FIRST Team 1816, The Green Machine 49 … by Amy 50 VW Photography 51 Kiddie Academy 52 Avidor 53 Commuter Services 54 MnDOT 55 Mindful Families 56 Brownie Cart 57 The Bar Method 58 The Sota Shop 59 Maat Mons LLC 60 Marissa's Kisses (LipSense by SeneGence) 61 CBDisGreat 62 City Chic Boutique - Authorized LuLaRoe Retailer 63 Z-Ultimate Self Defense 64 Rotary Club of Edina 65 Landmark Tours 66 Metropolitan Pediatric Specialists 67 Caricature Artist 68 TranscenDance Xperience 69 Edina Volleyball Association 70 MN Falun Dafa Association 71 Mini Donuts 72 Clear Health Chiropractic 73 Antique Firetruck 74 Moms Demand Action for Gun Sense in America Pet Zone Canine Circus Date: September 13, 2018 Agenda Item #: XI.A. To:Energy and Environment Commission Item Type: From:Tara Brown Item Activity: Subject:EEC Meeting Schedule and Roster List CITY OF EDINA 4801 West 50th Street Edina, MN 55424 www.edinamn.gov ACTION REQUESTED: INTRODUCTION: ATTACHMENTS: Description 2018 EEC Meeting and Roster List Meetings and Events Day Date Event Time Location Thurs Jan 11 Regular Meeting 7:00 pm Community Room Thurs Feb 8 Regular Meeting 7:00 pm Community Room Thurs Mar 8 Regular Meeting 7:00 pm Community Room Wed Mar 28 Commission Comp Plan Presentations 5:30 pm Council Chambers Thurs April 12 Regular Meeting 7:00 pm Community Room Mon April 16 BC Member Annual Reception 5:30 pm Braemar Golf Course Mon April 23 Volunteer Recognition 5:30 pm Braemar Golf Course Thurs May 3 Comprehensive Plan Mid-Term Check in 6:00 pm Public Works Thurs May 11 Regular Meeting 7:00 pm Community Room Tues May 15 Work Session w/ City Council 5:30 pm Community Room Thurs June 14 Regular Meeting 7:00 pm Community Room Thurs July 12 Regular Meeting 7:00 pm Community Room Thurs August 9 Regular Meeting 7:00 pm Community Room Thurs Sept 13 Regular Meeting 7:00 pm Community Room Thurs Oct 11 Regular Meeting 7:00 pm Community Room Thurs Nov 8 Regular Meeting 6:00 pm Community Room Thurs Dec 13 Regular Meeting 7:00 pm Community Room Attendance at Regular Meetings and Rescheduled Regular Meetings are counted towards attendance policy. Chair and Vice Chair specific meetings Mon March 21 Chair and Vice Chair Annual Meeting 6:00 pm Public Works Tues Oct 2 Chair Only - 2018 Work Plan Review w/ Council 5:30 pm Community Room Roster Name Email Glahn, Bill billglahn@aol.com Fernands, Maddy maddyfernands@gmail.com Hoffman, Howard howard.hoffman@gmail.com Horan, Michelle mhoran00@gmail.com Hussian, Paul pahussian@hotmail.com Jackson, Carolyn (Chair) bjandcj@aol.com Kostuch, Keith kostuch.eec@gmail.com Lanzas, Bayardo blanzas@artaxstudios.com Manser, Richard (Vice Chair) richardmanser@icloud.com Maynor, Chloe chloem20475@isd273.org Satterlee, Lauren lauren.mpls.mn@gmail.com Seeley, Melissa msee10@me.com Brown, Tara (Liaison) tbrown@edinamn.gov Casella, Casey (City Fellow) ccasella@edinamn.gov